Unidad de Docencia e Investigación en Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda. de Atenas s/n, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain.
Diabetes Metab. 2010 Feb;36(1):29-35. doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2009.06.007. Epub 2009 Dec 16.
In this study, we examined the trends from 1995 to 2006 in cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in Spaniards aged 65 years or older with diabetes.
We looked at the individual data from adults aged > or =65 years from the Spanish National Health Surveys of 1995 (n=1117), 1997 (n=1111), 2001 (n=4328), 2003 (n=6134) and 2006 (n=7835). Those classified as having diabetes had answered the two following questions in the affirmative: Has your doctor told you that you currently have diabetes? Have you taken any medication to treat diabetes in the last two weeks? The CVRF of interest included high blood pressure (HBP), high cholesterol levels, obesity (BMI > or =30 kg/m(2)), smoking and sedentarity, which were estimated and compared for prevalence by survey year, age group and gender. Progression over time was analyzed using logistic-regression models.
During the study period, the prevalences of all of the CVRF of interest were significantly higher among the elderly with diabetes compared with those without diabetes, except for current smoking, which was less frequent. The percentages of diabetic patients with HBP and obesity increased from 49.6 and 17.1%, respectively, in 1995 to 64 and 30.6%, respectively, in 2006 (adjusted ORs: 1.95 for HBP; 2.22 for obesity).
Overall, the self-reported prevalence of CVRF among elderly patients with diabetes did not improve during 1995-2006 but, instead, showed significant increases in self-reported obesity and HBP. This lack of improvement calls for further investigations, and the dedicated attention of both healthcare providers and the diabetic patients themselves.
本研究旨在考察 1995 年至 2006 年期间西班牙 65 岁及以上糖尿病患者心血管危险因素（CVRF）的变化趋势。
我们分析了 1995 年（n=1117）、1997 年（n=1111）、2001 年（n=4328）、2003 年（n=6134）和 2006 年（n=7835）西班牙国家健康调查中>或=65 岁成年人的个体数据。凡回答医生告知目前患有糖尿病和/或在过去两周内服用过治疗糖尿病药物的个体被定义为糖尿病患者。本研究关注的 CVRF 包括高血压（HBP）、高胆固醇水平、肥胖（BMI>或=30 kg/m(2)）、吸烟和久坐，根据调查年份、年龄组和性别对这些 CVRF 的流行率进行估计和比较。采用逻辑回归模型分析随时间推移的进展情况。
研究期间，与无糖尿病患者相比，老年糖尿病患者所有感兴趣的 CVRF 的流行率均显著更高，除外当前吸烟率较低。患有 HBP 和肥胖的糖尿病患者比例从 1995 年的 49.6%和 17.1%分别上升至 2006 年的 64%和 30.6%（调整后的 OR 分别为 HBP 的 1.95 和肥胖的 2.22）。
总体而言，1995 年至 2006 年间，老年糖尿病患者自我报告的 CVRF 流行率并未改善，相反，肥胖和 HBP 的自我报告比例显著增加。这种改善的缺乏需要进一步的调查，以及医疗保健提供者和糖尿病患者自身的关注。
