Martínez González M A, Bueno Cavanillas A, Fernández García M A, García Martín M, Delgado Rodríguez M, Gálvez Vargas R
Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada.
Med Clin (Barc). 1995 Sep 23;105(9):321-6.
A high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (RF) has been reported in Spain. The aim of this study was to determine the main RF of heart disease (cholesterol, smoking, high blood pressure (HBP), diabetes, obesity, and sedentarism) in laboral population from Granada, Spain.
The sample included 1,555 workers (1,193 males and 362 females, mean age 42.3 years). The percentage of participation was 91.9%. Information was collected directly (standardized self administered questionnaire) and from the physicians of the companies (protocolized anamnesis, physical examination and electrocardiogram) for each worker. Serum cholesterol was measured in venous blood by an enzymatic autoanalyzer. A description of the phenomennon was studied and likewise, the multivariate models of logistic regression were adjusted to evaluate the association of the other RF with hypercholesterolemia.
Serum cholesterol level higher than 200 mg/dl (5.17 mmol/l) was presented in 69.3% of the sample. The prevalence of HBP was 8.4%. Forty-four point two percent were smokers (48.9% males and 28.7% females). A body mass index higher than 25 kg/m2 was presented in 65.2%. The prevalence of diabetes was 3.5% and 18% of the workers classified themselves as sedentary. Only 2.8% of the males and 11.6% of the females were absolutely free of the RF studied. Diabetes, age, obesity, HBP and smoking (> 10 cigarettes/day) were significantly associated with a higher probability to present hypercholesterolemia.
A high prevalence of classical risk factors related to cardiovascular disease, with the exception of high blood pressure, was observed, thus making the application of preventive measures necessary.
据报道，西班牙心血管危险因素（RF）的患病率很高。本研究的目的是确定西班牙格拉纳达劳动人口中心脏病的主要危险因素（胆固醇、吸烟、高血压（HBP）、糖尿病、肥胖和久坐不动）。
样本包括1555名工人（1193名男性和362名女性，平均年龄42.3岁）。参与率为91.9%。通过直接（标准化自填问卷）和公司医生（规范化问诊、体格检查和心电图）收集每位工人的信息。用酶自动分析仪测量静脉血中的血清胆固醇。研究了该现象的描述，同样，调整逻辑回归的多变量模型以评估其他危险因素与高胆固醇血症的关联。
69.3%的样本血清胆固醇水平高于200mg/dl（5.17mmol/l）。高血压患病率为8.4%。44.2%的人吸烟（男性为48.9%，女性为28.7%）。65.2%的人体重指数高于25kg/m²。糖尿病患病率为3.5%，18%的工人将自己归类为久坐不动。只有2.8%的男性和11.6%的女性完全没有所研究的危险因素。糖尿病、年龄、肥胖、高血压和吸烟（>10支/天）与出现高胆固醇血症的较高概率显著相关。
除高血压外，观察到与心血管疾病相关的经典危险因素患病率很高，因此有必要采取预防措施。
