Lauber T Bruce, Decker Daniel J, Knuth Barbara A
Human Dimensions Research Unit, Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Environ Manage. 2008 Oct;42(4):677-87. doi: 10.1007/s00267-008-9181-8. Epub 2008 Aug 14.
We conducted case studies of three successful examples of collaborative, community-based natural resource conservation and development. Our purpose was to: (1) identify the functions served by interactions within the social networks of involved stakeholders; (2) describe key structural properties of these social networks; and (3) determine how these structural properties varied when the networks were serving different functions. The case studies relied on semi-structured, in-depth interviews of 8 to 11 key stakeholders at each site who had played a significant role in the collaborative projects. Interview questions focused on the roles played by key stakeholders and the functions of interactions between them. Interactions allowed the exchange of ideas, provided access to funding, and enabled some stakeholders to influence others. The exchange of ideas involved the largest number of stakeholders, the highest percentage of local stakeholders, and the highest density of interactions. Our findings demonstrated the value of tailoring strategies for involving stakeholders to meet different needs during a collaborative, community-based natural resource management project. Widespread involvement of local stakeholders may be most appropriate when ideas for a project are being developed. During efforts to exert influence to secure project approvals or funding, however, involving specific individuals with political connections or influence on possible sources of funds may be critical. Our findings are consistent with past work that has postulated that social networks may require specific characteristics to meet different needs in community-based environmental management.
我们对基于社区的合作性自然资源保护与发展的三个成功案例进行了研究。我们的目的是：（1）确定参与的利益相关者社会网络内互动所发挥的功能；（2）描述这些社会网络的关键结构特性；（3）确定当网络发挥不同功能时这些结构特性如何变化。这些案例研究依赖于对每个站点8至11名在合作项目中发挥重要作用的关键利益相关者进行半结构化的深入访谈。访谈问题聚焦于关键利益相关者所扮演的角色以及他们之间互动的功能。互动促进了思想交流，提供了资金获取渠道，并使一些利益相关者能够影响其他利益相关者。思想交流涉及的利益相关者数量最多、当地利益相关者的比例最高且互动密度最大。我们的研究结果表明，在基于社区的合作性自然资源管理项目中，针对利益相关者参与制定满足不同需求的策略具有重要价值。在制定项目构想时，当地利益相关者的广泛参与可能最为合适。然而，在努力施加影响以确保项目获批或获得资金时，让与政治有联系或对可能的资金来源有影响力的特定个人参与可能至关重要。我们的研究结果与过去的研究一致，过去的研究假定社会网络可能需要特定特征才能在基于社区的环境管理中满足不同需求。
