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玉米-豆粕型日粮添加酶对肉鸡胴体组成、全身养分沉积及消化道养分总保留率的影响。

Influence of enzyme supplementation of maize-soyabean meal diets on carcase composition, whole-body nutrient accretion and total tract nutrient retention of broilers.

作者信息

Olukosi O A, Cowieson A J, Adeola O

机构信息

Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.

出版信息

Br Poult Sci. 2008 Jul;49(4):436-45. doi: 10.1080/00071660802203732.

Abstract
  1. Carcase composition, whole body nutrient accretion rates and total tract nutrient retention of broilers in response to supplemental phytase or carbohydrase and protease from 0 to 21 d of age were investigated. 2. A total of 480 broilers were allocated to 4 slaughter groups (SG) of 30, 150, 150 and 150 broilers. Thirty broilers, in 6 replicates of 5 birds, comprised the initial SG killed at d 0; 150 broilers were allocated to each of the d 7, 14 and 21 final SG. Broilers in the final SG were allocated to 5 treatments in a randomised complete block design; each treatment had 6 replicate cages of 5 broilers per replicate cage. 3. The diets were maize-wheat-soyabean based and the treatments were: (1) positive control which met NRC (1994) energy and nutrients requirements for broiler, (2) negative control (NC) deficient in metabolisable energy (ME) and P, (3) NC plus phytase added at 1000 FTU/kg, (4) NC plus cocktail of xylanase, amylase and protease (XAP), and (5) NC plus phytase and XAP. 4. Except for ash and Ca, the treatments had no effect on carcase composition. Phytase or XAP individually or combined had variable effects on body nutrient accretion rates at various age periods of the broilers compared with the NC diet. Phytase alone or combined with XAP consistently improved body accretion rates of DM, protein, fat, ash, Ca, and P. 5. Addition of phytase alone or combined with XAP to the NC diet improved total tract N and P retention compared with the NC diet. Cocktail of XAP alone or combined with phytase improved Ca retention. Combination of phytase and XAP improved metabolisable energy (ME) and dry matter retention. 6. Overall, the results showed that the exogenous enzymes used had greater effects on the rates of nutrient accumulation in the carcase rather than on the proportion of nutrients deposited in the carcase.
摘要
  1. 研究了0至21日龄肉鸡在添加植酸酶或碳水化合物酶及蛋白酶后,其胴体组成、全身养分沉积率和全消化道养分保留情况。2. 总共480只肉鸡被分配到4个屠宰组(SG),分别为30只、150只、150只和150只。30只肉鸡,分为6个重复组,每组5只,组成初始SG,在第0天宰杀;150只肉鸡被分配到第7天、14天和21天的最终SG组。最终SG组的肉鸡按随机完全区组设计分配到5种处理中;每种处理有6个重复笼,每个重复笼中有5只肉鸡。3. 日粮以玉米 - 小麦 - 大豆为基础,处理方式如下:(1)正对照组,满足NRC(1994)肉鸡能量和养分需求;(2)负对照组(NC),代谢能(ME)和磷缺乏;(3)NC加1000 FTU/kg植酸酶;(4)NC加木聚糖酶、淀粉酶和蛋白酶混合物(XAP);(5)NC加植酸酶和XAP。4. 除灰分和钙外,处理对胴体组成无影响。与NC日粮相比,植酸酶或XAP单独或联合使用对肉鸡不同年龄阶段的体养分沉积率有不同影响。单独使用植酸酶或与XAP联合使用持续提高了干物质、蛋白质、脂肪、灰分、钙和磷的体沉积率。5. 与NC日粮相比,在NC日粮中单独添加植酸酶或与XAP联合添加提高了全消化道氮和磷的保留率。单独的XAP混合物或与植酸酶联合使用提高了钙的保留率。植酸酶和XAP联合使用提高了代谢能(ME)和干物质保留率。6. 总体而言,结果表明,所使用的外源酶对胴体中养分积累速率的影响大于对胴体中养分沉积比例的影响。

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