初级纤毛：骨骼的细胞传感器。
Primary cilia: cellular sensors for the skeleton.
作者信息
Anderson Charles T, Castillo Alesha B, Brugmann Samantha A, Helms Jill A, Jacobs Christopher R, Stearns Tim
机构信息
Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
出版信息
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2008 Sep;291(9):1074-8. doi: 10.1002/ar.20754.
The primary cilium is a solitary, immotile cilium that is present in almost every mammalian cell type. Primary cilia are thought to function as chemosensors, mechanosensors, or both, depending on cell type, and have been linked to several developmental signaling pathways. Primary cilium malfunction has been implicated in several human diseases, the symptoms of which include vision and hearing loss, polydactyly, and polycystic kidneys. Recently, primary cilia have also been implicated in the development and homeostasis of the skeleton. In this review, we discuss the structure and formation of the primary cilium and some of the mechanical and chemical signals to which it could be sensitive, with a focus on skeletal biology. We also raise several unanswered questions regarding the role of primary cilia as mechanosensors and chemosensors and identify potential research avenues to address these questions.
初级纤毛是一种单个的、不运动的纤毛，几乎存在于每一种哺乳动物细胞类型中。根据细胞类型的不同，初级纤毛被认为可作为化学传感器、机械传感器或兼具二者功能，并且已与多种发育信号通路相关联。初级纤毛功能异常与多种人类疾病有关，这些疾病的症状包括视力和听力丧失、多指畸形和多囊肾。最近，初级纤毛也被认为与骨骼的发育和稳态有关。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了初级纤毛的结构和形成以及它可能敏感的一些机械和化学信号，重点是骨骼生物学。我们还提出了几个关于初级纤毛作为机械传感器和化学传感器作用的未解决问题，并确定了解决这些问题的潜在研究途径。
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