Bødtker Gunhild, Thorstenson Tore, Lillebø Bente-Lise P, Thorbjørnsen Bente E, Ulvøen Rikke Helen, Sunde Egil, Torsvik Terje
Unifob Petroleum, Allégaten 41, 5007, Bergen, Norway.
J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 2008 Dec;35(12):1625-36. doi: 10.1007/s10295-008-0406-x. Epub 2008 Aug 28.
Biogenic production of hydrogen sulphide (H(2)S) is a problem for the oil industry as it leads to corrosion and reservoir souring. Continuous injection of a low nitrate concentration (0.25-0.33 mM) replaced glutaraldehyde as corrosion and souring control at the Veslefrikk and Gullfaks oil field (North Sea) in 1999. The response to nitrate treatment was a rapid reduction in number and activity of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the water injection system biofilm at both fields. The present long-term study shows that SRB activity has remained low at < or =0.3 and < or =0.9 microg H(2)S/cm(2)/day at Veslefrikk and Gullfaks respectively, during the 7-8 years with continuous nitrate injection. At Veslefrikk, 16S rRNA gene based community analysis by PCR-DGGE showed that bacteria affiliated to nitrate-reducing sulphide-oxidizing Sulfurimonas (NR-SOB) formed major populations at the injection well head throughout the treatment period. Downstream of deaerator the presence of Sulfurimonas like bacteria was less pronounced, and were no longer observed 40 months into the treatment period. The biofilm community during nitrate treatment was highly diverse and relative stable for long periods of time. At the Gullfaks field, a reduction in corrosion of up to 40% was observed after switch to nitrate treatment. The present study show that nitrate injection may provide a stable long-term inhibition of SRB in sea water injection systems, and that corrosion may be significantly reduced when compared to traditional biocide treatment.
硫化氢（H₂S）的生物生成是石油工业面临的一个问题，因为它会导致腐蚀和油藏酸化。1999年，在北海的Veslefrikk和Gullfaks油田，持续注入低浓度硝酸盐（0.25 - 0.33 mM）取代了戊二醛用于腐蚀和酸化控制。两个油田注水系统生物膜中硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）的数量和活性对硝酸盐处理的反应是迅速减少。目前的长期研究表明，在持续注入硝酸盐的7 - 8年期间，Veslefrikk和Gullfaks油田的SRB活性分别保持在≤0.3和≤0.9微克H₂S/平方厘米/天的低水平。在Veslefrikk，通过PCR - DGGE基于16S rRNA基因的群落分析表明，在整个处理期间，与硝酸盐还原硫化物氧化的硫单胞菌属（NR - SOB）相关的细菌在注入井口形成了主要种群。在除氧器下游，类似硫单胞菌属细菌的存在不太明显，在处理40个月后不再观察到。硝酸盐处理期间的生物膜群落高度多样且长期相对稳定。在Gullfaks油田，切换到硝酸盐处理后观察到腐蚀减少高达40%。本研究表明，注入硝酸盐可能对海水注入系统中的SRB提供稳定的长期抑制，并且与传统的杀菌剂处理相比，腐蚀可能会显著降低。
