Zheng Yi, Wildonger Jill, Ye Bing, Zhang Ye, Kita Angela, Younger Susan H, Zimmerman Sabina, Jan Lily Yeh, Jan Yuh Nung
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
Nat Cell Biol. 2008 Oct;10(10):1172-80. doi: 10.1038/ncb1777. Epub 2008 Aug 31.
Axons and dendrites differ in both microtubule organization and in the organelles and proteins they contain. Here we show that the microtubule motor dynein has a crucial role in polarized transport and in controlling the orientation of axonal microtubules in Drosophila melanogaster dendritic arborization (da) neurons. Changes in organelle distribution within the dendritic arbors of dynein mutant neurons correlate with a proximal shift in dendritic branch position. Dynein is also necessary for the dendrite-specific localization of Golgi outposts and the ion channel Pickpocket. Axonal microtubules are normally oriented uniformly plus-end-distal; however, without dynein, axons contain both plus- and minus-end distal microtubules. These data suggest that dynein is required for the distinguishing properties of the axon and dendrites: without dynein, dendritic organelles and proteins enter the axon and the axonal microtubules are no longer uniform in polarity.
轴突和树突在微管组织以及它们所含的细胞器和蛋白质方面都存在差异。我们在此表明，微管动力蛋白动力蛋白在果蝇树突状分支（da）神经元的极化运输和控制轴突微管的方向中起着关键作用。动力蛋白突变神经元树突分支内细胞器分布的变化与树突分支位置的近端移位相关。动力蛋白对于高尔基体前哨和离子通道“扒手”的树突特异性定位也是必需的。轴突微管通常以正端向远侧均匀排列；然而，没有动力蛋白时，轴突同时包含正端和负端向远侧的微管。这些数据表明，动力蛋白是轴突和树突的区分特性所必需的：没有动力蛋白，树突细胞器和蛋白质会进入轴突，并且轴突微管的极性不再均匀。
