Schäfer Torsten
Institute of Social Medicine, Lübeck University, Lübeck, Germany.
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008 Oct;8(5):418-22. doi: 10.1097/ACI.0b013e32830e71a7.
We aimed to review the association between atopic eczema and allergic sensitization and food allergy and its determinants on the basis of current epidemiological literature.
About 50% of children with atopic eczema and about 35% of adults are sensitized to common allergens. Gender, geography (e.g. East and West Germany), and socioeconomic factors determine the proportion of atopic eczema with allergic sensitization. Allergic sensitization in addition to atopic eczema obviously increases the risk for respiratory allergies. Sensitization to house dust mites seems to be important and clinically relevant for atopic eczema. Population-based studies on the association between food allergy and atopic eczema are limited. Although, up to 40% of children in hospital settings react to certain food allergens by a flare-up of their atopic eczema, there is an indication that on a population basis, adults with atopic eczema do only react occasionally with a worsening of their skin disease due to food allergens.
Atopic eczema is not necessarily associated with allergic sensitization. Sensitization to house dust mites, however, seems to be clinically relevant. The impact of food allergy on atopic eczema is difficult to assess on the basis of epidemiological studies and more detailed studies are needed.
我们旨在根据当前的流行病学文献，综述特应性皮炎与过敏致敏、食物过敏之间的关联及其决定因素。
约50%的儿童特应性皮炎患者和约35%的成人对常见变应原致敏。性别、地理位置（如东德和西德）以及社会经济因素决定了伴有过敏致敏的特应性皮炎的比例。除特应性皮炎外，过敏致敏明显增加了呼吸道过敏的风险。对屋尘螨的致敏似乎对特应性皮炎很重要且具有临床相关性。关于食物过敏与特应性皮炎之间关联的基于人群的研究有限。尽管在医院环境中，高达40%的儿童特应性皮炎患者会因某些食物变应原而出现病情加重，但有迹象表明，在总体人群中，成人特应性皮炎患者仅偶尔会因食物变应原而导致皮肤病恶化。
特应性皮炎不一定与过敏致敏相关。然而，对屋尘螨的致敏似乎具有临床相关性。基于流行病学研究很难评估食物过敏对特应性皮炎的影响，需要更详细的研究。
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