Balkin Thomas J, Rupp Tracy, Picchioni Dante, Wesensten Nancy J
Department of Behavioral Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD.
Department of Behavioral Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD.
Chest. 2008 Sep;134(3):653-660. doi: 10.1378/chest.08-1064.
Awareness of the consequences of sleep loss and its implications for public health and safety is increasing. Sleep loss has been shown to generally impair the entire spectrum of mental abilities, ranging from simple psychomotor performance to executive mental functions. Sleep loss may also impact metabolism in a manner that contributes to obesity and its attendant health consequences. Although objective measures of alertness and performance remain degraded, individuals subjectively habituate to chronic partial sleep loss (eg, sleep restriction), and recovery from this type of sleep loss is slow, factors that may help to explain the observation that many individuals in the general population are chronically sleep restricted. Individual differences in habitual sleep duration appear to be a trait-like characteristic that is determined by several factors, including genetic polymorphisms.
人们对睡眠不足的后果及其对公众健康和安全的影响的认识正在提高。睡眠不足已被证明通常会损害从简单的心理运动表现到执行心理功能的整个心理能力范围。睡眠不足还可能以导致肥胖及其相关健康后果的方式影响新陈代谢。尽管警觉性和表现的客观指标仍然下降，但个体主观上会习惯慢性部分睡眠不足（例如睡眠限制），并且从这种类型的睡眠不足中恢复缓慢，这些因素可能有助于解释普通人群中许多人长期睡眠受限的现象。习惯性睡眠时间的个体差异似乎是一种类似特质的特征，由多种因素决定，包括基因多态性。
