Department of Psychonomics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Prog Brain Res. 2011;190:105-17. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53817-8.00006-2.
Caffeine can be used effectively to manipulate our mental state. It is beneficial in restoring low levels of wakefulness and in counteracting degraded cognitive task performance due to sleep deprivation. However, caffeine may produce detrimental effects on subsequent sleep, resulting in daytime sleepiness. This justifies a careful consideration of risks related to sleep deprivation in combination with caffeine consumption, especially in adolescents. The efficacy of caffeine to restore detrimental effects of sleep deprivation seems to be partly due to caffeine expectancy and to placebo effects. The claim that stimulant effects of caffeine are related to withdrawal or withdrawal reversal seems to be untenable.
咖啡因可以有效地被用来控制我们的精神状态。它可以帮助恢复因睡眠不足导致的低警觉性，提高因睡眠不足而降低的认知任务表现。但是，咖啡因可能会对随后的睡眠产生不利影响，导致白天困倦。这就证明了在考虑与睡眠剥夺相关的风险时需要谨慎，特别是在青少年中。咖啡因恢复睡眠剥夺的不利影响的功效似乎部分归因于咖啡因的预期和安慰剂效应。咖啡因的刺激作用与戒断或戒断逆转有关的说法似乎是站不住脚的。
