Tielemans Erik, Schneider Thomas, Goede Henk, Tischer Martin, Warren Nick, Kromhout Hans, Van Tongeren Martie, Van Hemmen Joop, Cherrie John W
Business Unit Quality and Safety, Department of Food and Chemical Risk Analysis, TNO Quality of Life, PO Box 360, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands.
Ann Occup Hyg. 2008 Oct;52(7):577-86. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/men059. Epub 2008 Sep 11.
The present paper proposes a source-receptor model to schematically describe inhalation exposure to help understand the complex processes leading to inhalation of hazardous substances. The model considers a stepwise transfer of a contaminant from the source to the receptor. The conceptual model is constructed using three components, i.e. (i) the source, (ii) various transmission compartments and (iii) the receptor, and describes the contaminant's emission and its pattern of transport. Based on this conceptual model, a list of nine mutually independent principal modifying factors (MFs) is proposed: activity emission potential, substance emission potential, localized control, separation, segregation, dilution, worker behavior, surface contamination and respiratory protection. These MFs describe the exposure process at a high level of abstraction so that the model can be generically applicable. A list of exposure determinants underlying each of these principal MFs is proposed to describe the exposure process at a more detailed level. The presented conceptual model is developed in conjunction with an activity taxonomy as described in a separate paper. The proposed conceptual model and MFs should be seen as 'building blocks' for development of higher tier exposure models.
本文提出了一种源-受体模型，以示意性地描述吸入暴露，从而有助于理解导致有害物质吸入的复杂过程。该模型考虑了污染物从源到受体的逐步转移。概念模型由三个部分构建而成，即：（i）源，（ii）各种传输隔室，以及（iii）受体，并描述了污染物的排放及其传输模式。基于此概念模型，提出了九个相互独立的主要修正因子（MFs）列表：活动排放潜力、物质排放潜力、局部控制、分离、分隔、稀释、工人行为、表面污染和呼吸防护。这些修正因子在高度抽象的层面上描述了暴露过程，以便该模型具有普遍适用性。针对这些主要修正因子中的每一个，都提出了一系列暴露决定因素，以便在更详细的层面上描述暴露过程。所提出的概念模型是结合另一篇论文中描述的活动分类法开发的。所提出的概念模型和修正因子应被视为开发更高层次暴露模型的“基石”。
