Booth-Laforce Cathryn, Oxford Monica L
University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Dev Psychol. 2008 Sep;44(5):1298-313. doi: 10.1037/a0012954.
From 1,092 children in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, the authors identified 3 trajectory patterns of social withdrawal from teacher reports in Grades 1-6: a normative consistently low group (86%), a decreasing group (5%) with initially high withdrawal that decreased, and an increasing group (9%) with initially low withdrawal that increased. Prediction models supported the role of early dysregulated temperament, insensitive parenting, and attachment. Preschool shy temperament was a specific pathway to decreasing withdrawal, and poor inhibitory control was a specific pathway to increasing withdrawal. Children on the increasing pathway were more lonely, solitary, and were excluded by peers. Results suggest differentiated pathways to varying trajectories of social withdrawal and highlight the importance of identification of longitudinal patterns in relation to risk.
在国家儿童健康与人类发展研究所（NICHD）的早期儿童保育与青少年发展研究中，作者从1092名儿童里，根据1至6年级教师报告确定了3种社交退缩轨迹模式：一个正常的持续低社交退缩组（86%）、一个初始社交退缩高但呈下降趋势的下降组（5%），以及一个初始社交退缩低但呈上升趋势的上升组（9%）。预测模型证实了早期气质失调、养育方式不敏感和依恋的作用。学前害羞气质是社交退缩减少的一条特定途径，而抑制控制能力差是社交退缩增加的一条特定途径。处于上升轨迹的儿童更孤独、更爱独处，且被同伴排斥。研究结果表明社交退缩的不同轨迹有不同的途径，并凸显了识别与风险相关的纵向模式的重要性。
