Alcalde Miguel, Ferrer Manuel, Plou Francisco J, Ballesteros Antonio
Departmento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Trends Biotechnol. 2006 Jun;24(6):281-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2006.04.002. Epub 2006 May 2.
Modern biocatalysis is developing new and precise tools to improve a wide range of production processes, which reduce energy and raw material consumption and generate less waste and toxic side-products. Biocatalysis is also achieving new advances in environmental fields, from enzymatic bioremediation to the synthesis of renewable and clean energies and biochemical cleaning of 'dirty' fossil fuels. Despite the obvious benefits of biocatalysis, the major hurdles hindering the exploitation of the repertoire of enzymatic processes are, in many cases, the high production costs and the low yields obtained. This article will discuss these issues, pinpointing specific new advances in recombinant DNA techniques amenable to future biocatalyst development, in addition to drawing the attention of the biotechnology community to the active pursuit and development of environmental biocatalysis, from remediation with enzymes to novel green processes.
现代生物催化正在开发新型精密工具，以改进广泛的生产流程，这些流程可减少能源和原材料消耗，并产生更少的废物和有毒副产品。生物催化在环境领域也取得了新进展，从酶促生物修复到可再生清洁能源的合成以及对“脏”化石燃料的生化清洁。尽管生物催化有明显的好处，但在许多情况下，阻碍酶促过程应用的主要障碍是高生产成本和低产量。本文将讨论这些问题，指出重组DNA技术中适合未来生物催化剂开发的具体新进展，此外还将提请生物技术界积极追求和开发环境生物催化，从酶修复到新型绿色工艺。
