Fischer Carolin C, Persson Rigmor E, Persson G Rutger
Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
J Periodontol. 2008 Oct;79(10):1966-73. doi: 10.1902/jop.2008.080057.
Changes in the levels of female sex hormones during the menstrual cycle may cause cyclic differences in subgingival bacterial colonization patterns. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that hormonal changes in the menstrual cycle cause changes in the oral microbiota.
Bacterial plaque samples were collected in 20 systemically and periodontally healthy women using no hormonal contraceptives (test group) over a period of 6 weeks. Twenty age-matched systemically and periodontally healthy men were assigned to the control group. Samples were processed by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization assay, and 74 species were analyzed.
No cyclic pattern of bacterial colonization was identified for any of the 74 species studied in women not using hormonal contraceptives. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) (Y4) was common at the beginning of menstruation (mean: 32%) and increased during the following 2 weeks (36%) in women (P <0.05). No cyclic differences in bacterial presence were found among the men (P values varied between 0.14 and 0.98). Men presented with significantly higher bacterial counts for 40 of 74 species (P <0.001), including Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa but not Porphyromonas gingivalis (P = 0.15) or Tannerella forsythia (previously T. forsythensis) (P = 0.42).
During a menstruation period, cyclic variation in the subgingival microbiota of periodontally healthy women of child-bearing age who were not using oral hormonal contraceptives could not be confirmed. Male control subjects presented with higher levels of many species but also without a cyclic pattern.
月经周期中女性性激素水平的变化可能导致龈下细菌定植模式出现周期性差异。本研究的目的是检验月经周期中的激素变化会导致口腔微生物群发生变化这一假设。
在6周的时间内，收集了20名未使用激素避孕药的全身及牙周健康女性（试验组）的牙菌斑样本。20名年龄匹配的全身及牙周健康男性被分配到对照组。样本通过棋盘DNA-DNA杂交分析法进行处理，并分析了74种细菌。
在未使用激素避孕药的女性中，所研究的74种细菌中的任何一种均未发现细菌定植的周期性模式。伴放线聚集杆菌（以前称为伴放线放线杆菌）（Y4）在月经开始时常见（平均：32%），并在接下来的2周内增加（36%）（P<0.05）。男性中未发现细菌存在的周期性差异（P值在0.14至0.98之间）。男性中有40种细菌的计数显著高于女性（P<0.001），包括金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌，但牙龈卟啉单胞菌（P=0.15）或福赛坦氏菌（以前称为福赛斯坦纳菌）（P=0.42）除外。
在月经期间，未使用口服激素避孕药的育龄期牙周健康女性的龈下微生物群的周期性变化无法得到证实。男性对照组中许多细菌的水平较高，但也没有周期性模式。
