Bhardwaj Amit, Bhardwaj Shalu Verma
Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, SGT Dental College, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
J Midlife Health. 2012 Jan;3(1):5-9. doi: 10.4103/0976-7800.98810.
Steroid sex hormones have a significant effect on different organ systems. As far as gingiva is concerned, they can influence the cellular proliferation, differentiation and growth of keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Estrogen is mainly responsible for alterations in blood vessels and progesterone stimulates the production of inflammatory mediators. In addition, some micro-organisms found in the human mouth synthesize enzymes needed for steroid synthesis and catabolism. In women, during puberty, ovulation, pregnancy, and menopause, there is an increase in the production of sex steroid hormones which results in increased gingival inflammation, characterized by gingival enlargement, increased gingival bleeding, and cervicular fluid flow and microbial changes.
类固醇性激素对不同器官系统有显著影响。就牙龈而言，它们可影响角质形成细胞和成纤维细胞的细胞增殖、分化和生长。雌激素主要负责血管的改变，而孕酮刺激炎症介质的产生。此外，在人类口腔中发现的一些微生物可合成类固醇合成和分解代谢所需的酶。在女性中，青春期、排卵期、孕期和更年期期间，性类固醇激素的分泌增加，导致牙龈炎症加剧，其特征为牙龈肿大、牙龈出血增加、宫颈液流动以及微生物变化。
