Leibniz Institute for Arteriosclerosis Research, University of Munster, 49149, Munster, Germany,
Genes Nutr. 2007 Oct;2(1):75-80. doi: 10.1007/s12263-007-0001-1.
Common chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease (CHD), diabetes, cancer, hypertension and obesity are significantly influenced by dietary and other behavioural habits. There is increasing scientific evidence that genetic factors (SNPs), conferring either protection or risk, also contribute importantly to the incidence of these diseases. SNPs are of particular interest because they influence disease in a complex but largely unknown manner by interacting with environmental and lifestyle factors. Because genetic factors also affect a person's response to dietary habits, SNPs likely will be useful in helping to determine and understand why individuals differ in their response to diets. Therefore, the discovery of SNPs will likely revolutionize not only the diagnosis of disease but also the practice of preventative medicine. Other developments, like new biomarkers and noninvasive imaging techniques, might turn out to be highly sensitive and specific in order to identify patients at risk, especially in cases with asymptomatic coronary heart disease. Thus, further knowledge of such new risk factors and their interaction with nutrition, has the potential to provide a more precise and personalized approach to prevent and treat chronic diseases like coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction and stroke.
常见的慢性病，如冠心病（CHD）、糖尿病、癌症、高血压和肥胖症，明显受到饮食和其他行为习惯的影响。越来越多的科学证据表明，遗传因素（单核苷酸多态性，SNP），无论是保护还是风险，也对这些疾病的发病率有重要贡献。SNP 特别有趣，因为它们通过与环境和生活方式因素相互作用，以复杂但在很大程度上未知的方式影响疾病。由于遗传因素也会影响一个人对饮食习惯的反应，因此 SNP 可能有助于确定和理解为什么个体对饮食的反应不同。因此，SNP 的发现不仅可能彻底改变疾病的诊断，而且可能彻底改变预防医学的实践。其他发展，如新的生物标志物和非侵入性成像技术，可能会非常敏感和特异，以便识别有风险的患者，特别是在无症状性冠心病的情况下。因此，进一步了解这些新的危险因素及其与营养的相互作用，有可能为预防和治疗冠心病、心肌梗死和中风等慢性疾病提供更精确和个性化的方法。
