Tabashnik B E
Department of Entomology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu 96822.
J Econ Entomol. 1991 Jun;84(3):703-12. doi: 10.1093/jee/84.3.703.
The most widely used method for evaluating the mode of inheritance of pesticide resistance is based on bioassays of individuals from a backcross between F1 (hybrid of resistant and susceptible strains) and parental resistant or susceptible strains. Monte Carlo simulations of the standard backcross method showed that the probability of incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis of monogenic inheritance (Type I error) was generally more than double the conventional value of P = 0.05. Conversely, the null hypothesis of monogenic inheritance was likely to be accepted in a relatively large proportion of cases in which resistance is controlled by two or more loci. Expected differences in mortality of backcross offspring between monogenic and additive polygenic models approached zero as dose approached extremely low values, extremely high values, and the LD50 of the backcross generation. Thus, the effectiveness of the backcross method depended strongly on dose. The power of the standard backcross method to correctly reject the null hypothesis of monogenic inheritance increased as number of loci, slope of parental dose-mortality lines, magnitude of resistance, and sample size increased. Guidelines for improving the design and interpretation of backcross experiments are presented.
评估抗药性遗传模式最广泛使用的方法是基于对F1（抗性和敏感品系的杂交种）与亲本抗性或敏感品系回交后代个体的生物测定。对标准回交方法的蒙特卡罗模拟表明，错误拒绝单基因遗传零假设（I型错误）的概率通常是传统P = 0.05值的两倍以上。相反，在抗性由两个或更多基因座控制的相当大比例的情况下，单基因遗传的零假设可能会被接受。随着剂量接近极低值、极高值以及回交世代的半数致死剂量（LD50），单基因和加性多基因模型的回交后代死亡率预期差异接近零。因此，回交方法的有效性在很大程度上取决于剂量。标准回交方法正确拒绝单基因遗传零假设的功效随着基因座数量、亲本剂量-死亡率线的斜率、抗性大小和样本量的增加而提高。本文还给出了改进回交实验设计和解读的指导原则。
