Kaneda T
Alberta Research Council, Edmonton, Canada.
Microbiol Rev. 1991 Jun;55(2):288-302. doi: 10.1128/mr.55.2.288-302.1991.
Branched-chain fatty acids of the iso and anteiso series occur in many bacteria as the major acyl constituents of membrane lipids. In addition, omega-cyclohexyl and omega-cycloheptyl fatty acids are present in several bacterial species. These two types of fatty acids are synthesized by the repeated condensation of malonyl coenzyme A with one of the branched-chain and cyclic primers by the same enzyme system. The pathway of de novo branched-chain fatty acid synthesis differs only in initial steps of synthesis from that of the common straight-chain fatty acid (palmitic acid) present in most organisms. The cell membranes composed largely of iso-, anteiso-, and omega-alicyclic acids support growth of bacteria, which inhabit normal as well as extreme environments. The occurrence of these types of fatty acids as major cellular fatty acids is an important criterion used to aid identification and classification of bacteria.
异链和反异链系列的支链脂肪酸在许多细菌中作为膜脂的主要酰基成分存在。此外，ω-环己基脂肪酸和ω-环庚基脂肪酸存在于几种细菌物种中。这两类脂肪酸是由丙二酰辅酶A与一种支链和环状引物之一通过同一酶系统反复缩合而成的。从头合成支链脂肪酸的途径与大多数生物体中存在的普通直链脂肪酸（棕榈酸）的合成途径仅在合成的起始步骤上有所不同。主要由异链、反异链和ω-脂环族酸组成的细胞膜支持着细菌的生长，这些细菌栖息于正常环境以及极端环境中。这些类型的脂肪酸作为主要细胞脂肪酸的存在是用于辅助细菌鉴定和分类的一个重要标准。
