Pelkonen M
Sairaanhoitaja (1991). 1991(4):18-20.
The nurses and the public health nurses identified mostly individuals as the focus of their service although also families and groups are increasingly receiving services. Orientation towards communities or environments is rather rare. The modes of nursing practice of nurses differentiated from each other quite a lot. On the basis of the results two main modes had been identified: organization oriented and people oriented mode. The organization oriented made is somewhat stereotyped, rather guided by rules and regulations than by the needs of people. The people oriented mode is based on the needs of clients. The needs are being assessed openly and by exploring the situation. Client-centred objectives are being established more often and the interventions are better identified than in the organization oriented mode. The interventions are focused to support the resources of the clients f.e. their own thinking processes and other abilities. On the basis of the interviews it seems to be that nursing practice is in the middle of a transition period. The accountability for one's practice is being gradually accepted. Nursing practice is developing to a more individual direction and the viewpoints of people will be better understood.
护士和公共卫生护士大多将个人确定为其服务对象，不过家庭和群体也越来越多地接受服务。以社区或环境为导向的情况相当少见。护士的护理实践模式彼此差异很大。根据研究结果，确定了两种主要模式：组织导向型和以人为本型。组织导向型模式有点刻板，更多地受规章制度指导而非人的需求驱动。以人为本型模式基于服务对象的需求。通过公开评估和探究情况来评估需求。与组织导向型模式相比，更常确立以客户为中心的目标，并且干预措施也更明确。干预措施侧重于支持服务对象的资源，例如他们自己的思维过程和其他能力。根据访谈情况来看，护理实践似乎正处于转型期。对自身实践的问责制正逐渐被接受。护理实践正朝着更加个性化的方向发展，并且对人的观点将有更好的理解。
