Lapham S C, Kring M K, Skipper B
Center for Health and Population Research, Lovelace Medical Foundation, Albuquerque, NM 87102.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991 Sep;165(3):506-14. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(91)90276-w.
Cigarette smoking, alcohol and drug abuse, and stressful life events are significant contributors to prematurity and low birth weight in the United States. Identification and treatment of pregnant women with these risk factors require obtaining complete and accurate psychosocial histories. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a computer interview developed by our staff is appropriate for assessing behavioral risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes and for educating pregnant women about healthy behaviors during pregnancy. This computer interview asks about pregnant patients' perceived life stressors, diet, use of cigarettes and alcohol, and abuse of drugs. The study population consisted of 201 medically insured Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women attending a health maintenance organization--based prenatal clinic. Almost all subjects rated the computer interview favorably. Medical record reviews were conducted to compare participants' reports of cigarette, alcohol, and drug use obtained from paper-and-pencil interviews with behaviors reported during the computer interview. Although self-reported rates of smoking did not differ between the two interview techniques, a much higher percentage of women reported alcohol and drug use during the computer interview. Study participants scored significantly higher on a test measuring knowledge of the effects of stress, diet, and substances of abuse on pregnancy than did a control group. Results demonstrated the potential value of computer-interactive software programs for assessing high-risk behaviors among pregnant women in this population and educating them about healthy behaviors during pregnancy.
在美国，吸烟、酗酒、药物滥用以及生活压力事件是导致早产和低体重出生的重要因素。识别和治疗存在这些风险因素的孕妇需要获取完整且准确的社会心理病史。本研究的目的是确定我们工作人员开发的计算机访谈是否适合评估不良妊娠结局的行为风险因素，以及用于教育孕妇孕期的健康行为。该计算机访谈询问怀孕患者感知到的生活压力源、饮食、吸烟和饮酒情况以及药物滥用情况。研究人群包括201名参加基于健康维护组织的产前诊所的有医疗保险的西班牙裔和非西班牙裔白人女性。几乎所有受试者对计算机访谈评价良好。进行病历审查以比较从纸笔访谈获得的参与者关于吸烟、饮酒和药物使用的报告与计算机访谈期间报告的行为。虽然两种访谈技术中自我报告的吸烟率没有差异，但在计算机访谈期间报告饮酒和药物使用的女性比例要高得多。研究参与者在一项测量压力、饮食和滥用物质对妊娠影响知识的测试中的得分显著高于对照组。结果证明了计算机交互式软件程序在评估该人群中孕妇的高危行为以及教育她们孕期健康行为方面的潜在价值。
