Graessel Elmar, Viegas Reena, Stemmer Renate, Küchly Brita, Kornhuber Johannes, Donath Carolin
Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Psychiatric University Clinic Erlangen, Germany.
Int Psychogeriatr. 2009 Feb;21(1):103-12. doi: 10.1017/S1041610208007710. Epub 2008 Oct 17.
In the absence of an easily applicable performance test for making valid measurements of fundamental activities of daily living (ADL) in dementia patients, this study reports the development of an ADL performance test which constitutes both a reliable and a valid measurement of the relevant autonomous areas of everyday activities for dementia patients.
The Erlangen Test of Activities of Daily Living (E-ADL-Test) consists of five items: pouring a drink, cutting a piece of bread, opening a small cupboard, washing hands and tying a bow. Each test item underwent standardized evaluation on a scale of 0 to 6. To determine retest reliability each assessment was repeated at two-weekly intervals. The Global Deterioration Scale, Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and Nurses' Observations Scale for Geriatric Patients (NOSGER) were used to assess construct validity. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was applied. Forty-six patients (42 women and 4 men) with clinically diagnosed dementia, who were resident in nursing homes, took part in the validation study. Their average age was 86.
The E-ADL-Test revealed good inter-individual differentiation ability, particularly in cases of moderate to severe dementia. Cronbach's alpha was 0.77, retest reliability 0.73. The correlation coefficients were -0.47 with GDS, 0.60 with NOSGER and 0.72 with MMSE.
The E-ADL-Test is a suitable performance test for measuring activities of daily living as it is easy to use, reliable, valid and well accepted.
由于缺乏一种易于应用的性能测试来对痴呆症患者的基本日常生活活动（ADL）进行有效测量，本研究报告了一种ADL性能测试的开发情况，该测试对痴呆症患者日常活动的相关自主领域构成了可靠且有效的测量。
埃尔朗根日常生活活动测试（E-ADL测试）包括五个项目：倒饮料、切一片面包、打开一个小橱柜、洗手和系蝴蝶结。每个测试项目都按照0至6的等级进行标准化评估。为了确定重测信度，每次评估每隔两周重复一次。使用总体衰退量表、简易精神状态检查表（MMSE）和老年患者护士观察量表（NOSGER）来评估结构效度。应用斯皮尔曼等级相关系数。46名临床诊断为痴呆症的患者（42名女性和4名男性）参与了验证研究，他们居住在养老院，平均年龄为86岁。
E-ADL测试显示出良好的个体间区分能力，尤其是在中度至重度痴呆病例中。克朗巴哈系数为0.77，重测信度为0.73。与总体衰退量表的相关系数为-0.47，与老年患者护士观察量表的相关系数为0.60，与简易精神状态检查表的相关系数为0.72。
E-ADL测试是一种适合测量日常生活活动的性能测试，因为它易于使用、可靠、有效且被广泛接受。
