Bithell J F, Keegan T J, Kroll M E, Murphy M F G, Vincent T J
Childhood Cancer Research Group, 57 Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6HJ, UK.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2008;132(2):191-7. doi: 10.1093/rpd/ncn254. Epub 2008 Oct 20.
In 2008, the German Childhood Cancer Registry published the results of the Kinderkrebs in der Umgebung von Kernkraftwerken (KiKK) study of childhood cancer and leukaemia around German nuclear power stations. The positive findings appeared to conflict with the results of a recent British analysis carried out by the Committee on Medical Aspects of Radiation in the Environment (COMARE), published in 2005. The present paper first describes the COMARE study, which was based on data from the National Registry of Children's Tumours (NRCT); in particular, the methodology used in this study is described. Although the results of the COMARE study were negative for childhood leukaemia, this apparent discrepancy could be accounted for by a number of differences in approach, especially those relating to the distances from the power stations and the ages of the children studied. The present study was designed to match the KiKK study as far as possible. The incidence observed (18 cases within 5 km against 14.58 expected, p = 0.21) was not significantly raised. The risk estimate for proximity in the regression fitted was actually negative, though the confidence intervals involved are so wide that the difference from that reported in the KiKK study is only marginally statistically significant (p = 0.063).
2008年，德国儿童癌症登记处公布了“核电站周边儿童癌症与白血病”（KiKK）研究的结果，该研究针对德国核电站周边的儿童癌症和白血病情况展开。这些阳性结果似乎与环境辐射医学委员会（COMARE）于2005年发表的一项近期英国分析结果相冲突。本文首先描述了基于国家儿童肿瘤登记处（NRCT）数据的COMARE研究；特别介绍了该研究中使用的方法。尽管COMARE研究的结果对于儿童白血病为阴性，但这种明显的差异可以由方法上的一些不同来解释，尤其是与距离核电站的距离以及所研究儿童的年龄有关的差异。本研究旨在尽可能与KiKK研究相匹配。观察到的发病率（5公里范围内有18例，预期为14.58例，p = 0.21）并未显著升高。在拟合回归中，近距离的风险估计实际上为阴性，尽管所涉及的置信区间很宽，以至于与KiKK研究报告的差异仅在边际上具有统计学意义（p = 0.063）。
