Spix Claudia, Grosche Bernd, Bleher Martin, Kaatsch Peter, Scholz-Kreisel Peter, Blettner Maria
German Childhood Cancer Registry at the Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55101, Mainz, Germany.
Federal Office for Radiation Protection, 85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany.
Radiat Environ Biophys. 2017 May;56(2):127-138. doi: 10.1007/s00411-017-0689-2. Epub 2017 Mar 23.
The relationship of low-dose background gamma radiation and childhood leukaemia was investigated in a number of studies. Results from these studies are inconclusive. Therefore, in the present study 25 years of German childhood cancer data were analyzed using interpolated background annual gamma dose rate per community in an ecological study. The main question was leukaemia; as exploratory questions we investigate central nervous system (CNS) tumours, thyroid carcinomas and diagnoses less likely to be related to radiation. A Poisson regression model was applied and a fractional polynomial model building procedure. As the main sensitivity analysis a community deprivation index was included as a potential confounder. It was found that outdoor background gamma annual dose rates in Germany range roughly from 0.5-1.5 mSv/a with an average of 0.817 mSv/a. No association of annual ambient gamma dose rates with leukaemia incidence was found. Amongst the exploratory analyses, a strong association was found with CNS tumour incidence [rate ratio for 1.5 vs 0.5 mSv/a: 1.35; 95% confidence interval (1.17, 1.57)]. The community level deprivation index was not a confounder. It is concluded that the present study did not confirm an association of annual outdoor ambient gamma dose rate and childhood leukaemia, corresponding to some studies and contrasting others. An association with CNS incidence was found in the exploratory analyses. As this is an ecological study no causal interpretation is possible.
多项研究对低剂量本底伽马辐射与儿童白血病之间的关系进行了调查。这些研究的结果尚无定论。因此，在本研究中，我们在一项生态研究中使用每个社区的插值本底年伽马剂量率，对25年的德国儿童癌症数据进行了分析。主要研究对象是白血病；作为探索性问题，我们调查了中枢神经系统（CNS）肿瘤、甲状腺癌以及与辐射关系较小的诊断情况。应用了泊松回归模型和分数多项式模型构建程序。作为主要的敏感性分析，纳入了社区剥夺指数作为潜在混杂因素。结果发现，德国的室外本底伽马年剂量率大致在0.5 - 1.5 mSv/a之间，平均为0.817 mSv/a。未发现年环境伽马剂量率与白血病发病率之间存在关联。在探索性分析中，发现与CNS肿瘤发病率存在强关联[1.5 mSv/a与0.5 mSv/a的率比：1.35；95%置信区间（1.17, 1.57）]。社区层面的剥夺指数不是混杂因素。得出的结论是，本研究未证实年室外环境伽马剂量率与儿童白血病之间存在关联，这与一些研究结果一致，与另一些研究结果相反。在探索性分析中发现了与CNS发病率的关联。由于这是一项生态研究，无法进行因果解释。
