Zhao Jianhua, Lui Harvey, McLean David I, Zeng Haishan
The Laboratory for Advanced Medical Photonics, Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Skin Res Technol. 2008 Nov;14(4):484-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2008.00321.x.
Raman spectroscopy is a non-invasive optical technique that can probe the molecular structure and conformation of biochemical constituents. The probability of Raman scattering is exceedingly low ( approximately 10(-10)), and consequently up to now the practical application of Raman spectroscopy to clinical medicine has been limited by either the weak spectral signal or by the long data acquisition times. Recent advances in Raman hardware and probe design have reduced spectral acquisition times, paving the way for clinical applications.
We present an integrated real-time Raman spectroscopy system for skin evaluation and characterization, which combines customized hardware features and software implementation. Real-time data acquisition and processing includes CCD dark-noise subtraction, wavelength calibration, spectral response calibration, intensity calibration, signal saturation detection, cosmic ray rejection, fluorescence background removal, and composition modeling. Real-time in vivo Raman measurement of volar forearm skin is presented to illustrate the methods and modeling.
The system design implemented full-chip vertical hardware binning to improve the signal-to-noise ratio by 16-fold. The total time for a single in vivo measurement with analysis can be reduced to 100 ms with this implementation. Human skin was well modeled using the base Raman spectra.
In vivo real-time Raman can be a very promising research and practical technique for skin evaluation.
拉曼光谱是一种非侵入性光学技术，可探测生化成分的分子结构和构象。拉曼散射的概率极低（约为10^(-10)），因此迄今为止，拉曼光谱在临床医学中的实际应用一直受到光谱信号微弱或数据采集时间长的限制。拉曼硬件和探头设计的最新进展缩短了光谱采集时间，为临床应用铺平了道路。
我们展示了一种用于皮肤评估和表征的集成实时拉曼光谱系统，该系统结合了定制的硬件功能和软件实现。实时数据采集和处理包括电荷耦合器件（CCD）暗噪声扣除、波长校准、光谱响应校准、强度校准、信号饱和度检测、宇宙射线剔除、荧光背景去除以及成分建模。展示了对掌侧前臂皮肤的实时体内拉曼测量，以说明这些方法和建模。
该系统设计采用全芯片垂直硬件合并，将信噪比提高了16倍。通过此实现方式，单次体内测量及分析的总时间可缩短至100毫秒。使用基础拉曼光谱对人体皮肤进行了良好建模。
体内实时拉曼光谱可能是一种非常有前景的用于皮肤评估的研究和实用技术。
