Zhang Yuanxun, Schauer James J, Shafer Martin M, Hannigan Michael P, Dutton Steven J
Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 660 North Park Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2008 Oct 1;42(19):7502-9. doi: 10.1021/es800126y.
Recent atmospheric particulate matter health studies have suggested that the redox activity is an important factor in particulate matter toxicology, and that reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity may be an important characteristic of particulate matter that is associated with adverse health effects. In this study, associations between atmospheric particulate matter sources and in vitro ROS activities are investigated. Ambient concentrations of fine particle water-soluble elements and total organic and elemental carbon were measured daily in Denver for the 2003 calendar year. The data were used in a multivariate factor analysis source apportionment model, positive matrix factorization (PMF), to determine the contributions of nine sources or factors: a mobile source factor, a water soluble carbon factor, a sulfate factor, a soil dust source, an iron source, two point sources characterized by water soluble toxic metals, a pyrotechnique factor, and a platinum group metal factor. Aqueous leachates, including water soluble and colloidal components, as well as insoluble particles that pass through a 0.2 microm pore size filter, of 45 randomly selected PM samples, were assayed to quantify ROS activity using an in vitro rat alveolar macrophage assay. Results show that PM-stimulated in vitro ROS production was significantly positively correlated with the contributions from three sources: the iron source, the soil dust source and the water soluble carbon factor. The iron source accounted for the greatest fraction of the measured variability in redox activity, followed by the soil dust and the water-soluble carbon factor. Seventy-seven percent of the in vitro ROS activity was explained by a linear combination of these three source contributions.
近期有关大气颗粒物对健康影响的研究表明，氧化还原活性是颗粒物毒理学中的一个重要因素，且活性氧物质（ROS）活性可能是与不良健康影响相关的颗粒物的一个重要特征。在本研究中，对大气颗粒物来源与体外ROS活性之间的关联进行了调查。2003年全年在丹佛市每日测量细颗粒物水溶性元素以及总有机碳和元素碳的环境浓度。这些数据被用于多元因子分析源解析模型——正定矩阵因子分解法（PMF），以确定九个来源或因子的贡献：一个移动源因子、一个水溶性碳因子、一个硫酸盐因子、一个土壤尘源、一个铁源、两个以水溶性有毒金属为特征的点源、一个烟火技术因子和一个铂族金属因子。对45个随机选取的颗粒物样本的水浸出液（包括水溶性和胶体成分）以及通过0.2微米孔径过滤器的不溶性颗粒，使用体外大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞试验来测定ROS活性进行量化。结果表明，颗粒物刺激的体外ROS生成与三个来源的贡献显著正相关：铁源、土壤尘源和水溶性碳因子。铁源在氧化还原活性的测量变异性中占比最大，其次是土壤尘和水溶性碳因子。这三个来源贡献的线性组合解释了77%的体外ROS活性。
