DiBello Julia R, Kraft Peter, McGarvey Stephen T, Goldberg Robert, Campos Hannia, Baylin Ana
Department of Community Health, International Health Institute, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
Am J Epidemiol. 2008 Dec 15;168(12):1433-43. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwn274. Epub 2008 Oct 22.
Reduced rank regression and partial least-squares regression (PLS) are proposed alternatives to principal component analysis (PCA). Using all 3 methods, the authors derived dietary patterns in Costa Rican data collected on 3,574 cases and controls in 1994-2004 and related the resulting patterns to risk of first incident myocardial infarction. Four dietary patterns associated with myocardial infarction were identified. Factor 1, characterized by high intakes of lean chicken, vegetables, fruit, and polyunsaturated oil, was generated by all 3 dietary pattern methods and was associated with a significantly decreased adjusted risk of myocardial infarction (28%-46%, depending on the method used). PCA and PLS also each yielded a pattern associated with a significantly decreased risk of myocardial infarction (31% and 23%, respectively); this pattern was characterized by moderate intake of alcohol and polyunsaturated oil and low intake of high-fat dairy products. The fourth factor derived from PCA was significantly associated with a 38% increased risk of myocardial infarction and was characterized by high intakes of coffee and palm oil. Contrary to previous studies, the authors found PCA and PLS to produce more patterns associated with cardiovascular disease than reduced rank regression. The most effective method for deriving dietary patterns related to disease may vary depending on the study goals.
降秩回归和偏最小二乘回归（PLS）被提议作为主成分分析（PCA）的替代方法。作者使用这三种方法，从1994年至2004年收集的3574例病例和对照的哥斯达黎加数据中得出饮食模式，并将所得模式与首次发生心肌梗死的风险相关联。确定了四种与心肌梗死相关的饮食模式。所有三种饮食模式方法均得出了因素1，其特征是瘦肉、蔬菜、水果和多不饱和油的摄入量高，并且与心肌梗死调整后风险显著降低相关（28%-46%，取决于所使用的方法）。PCA和PLS还各自得出了一种与心肌梗死风险显著降低相关的模式（分别为31%和23%）；这种模式的特征是酒精和多不饱和油的摄入量适中，高脂肪乳制品的摄入量低。从PCA得出的第四个因素与心肌梗死风险增加38%显著相关，其特征是咖啡和棕榈油的摄入量高。与先前的研究相反，作者发现PCA和PLS产生的与心血管疾病相关的模式比降秩回归更多。得出与疾病相关的饮食模式的最有效方法可能因研究目标而异。
