Witthöft Michael, Sander Nicolas, Süss Heinz-Martin, Wittmann Werner W
Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2009 Mar;16(2):133-63. doi: 10.1080/13825580802348554.
According to the inhibition-deficit hypothesis age differences in working memory capacity and fluid intelligence have been attributed to a decline in inhibitory efficiency. Conceptualizing inhibition as multifaceted, 88 participants (49 younger and 39 elderly) completed two versions of the negative priming paradigm (identification and localization), and two variants of the directed forgetting paradigm (listwise and itemwise). Two tasks of the Wechsler Intelligence Test with high loadings on general fluid intelligence (Gf) served as validation criteria. Results revealed task-specific and speed-independent inhibitory deficits in the elderly (lower negative priming in both paradigms; more intrusions in the directed forgetting tasks), as well as higher levels of repetition priming. Significant correlations between measures of inhibition and the Wechsler scores were found in both age groups. Results support the view of multiple inhibitory-like capabilities that play a central role in the decline of higher-order cognitive functions in old age.
根据抑制缺陷假说，工作记忆容量和流体智力的年龄差异被归因于抑制效率的下降。将抑制概念化为多方面的，88名参与者（49名年轻人和39名老年人）完成了两个版本的负启动范式（识别和定位）以及两个定向遗忘范式的变体（逐列表和逐项目）。韦氏智力测验中两个对一般流体智力（Gf）负荷较高的任务用作验证标准。结果显示，老年人存在特定任务且与速度无关的抑制缺陷（两种范式中的负启动较低；定向遗忘任务中的侵入更多），以及更高水平的重复启动。在两个年龄组中都发现了抑制测量与韦氏分数之间的显著相关性。结果支持了多种类似抑制能力的观点，这些能力在老年人高阶认知功能衰退中起核心作用。
