Mangoma Jaqualine, Chimbari Moses, Dhlomo Elmon
University of Zimbabwe Lake Kariba Research Station.
SAHARA J. 2008 Sep;5(3):120-8. doi: 10.1080/17290376.2008.9724910.
In southern Africa, HIV and AIDS accounts for the largest proportion of orphans. Very often the orphaned children become destitute, and young girls in particular become more vulnerable to HIV and AIDS as they try to fend for the rest of the family. This paper reports on the number of orphans in Kariba, Zimbabwe, describing their problems, coping strategies and wishes. The study was carried out in Nyamhunga and Mahombekombe high-density residential areas of Kariba, Zimbabwe. All households in the study area were visited, and a semi-structured questionnaire aimed at enumerating orphans and obtaining information regarding general problems of orphans was administered to heads of households present. In addition, information on the plight, coping strategies and survival wishes of orphans were collected through 15 focus group discussions held with orphans, care givers, community leaders and stakeholders. The prevalence of orphans in Kariba, based on a sample of 3 976 households, was found to be very high (56%) with most of the orphans in the age group 6-12 years. The majority of the orphans were paternal and under maternal care. Over 30% of the orphans of school-going age were not in school, and some young girl orphans became involved in commercial sex work. The survival wish list of the orphans included school fees, accommodation, health care provision, adequate food and income-generating projects. However, suggestions on orphan care and needs given by community members were somewhat divergent from the orphans' wish list, indicating that community interventions may not be sensitive to the wishes of those affected. Although the study did not categorise orphans according to cause of death of parents, there are indications that most of the orphans are accounted for by HIV and AIDS.
在南部非洲，艾滋病毒和艾滋病导致的孤儿占比最大。这些孤儿往往一贫如洗，尤其是年轻女孩，她们在努力养活家庭其他成员时更容易感染艾滋病毒和艾滋病。本文报告了津巴布韦卡里巴的孤儿数量，描述了他们的问题、应对策略和愿望。该研究在津巴布韦卡里巴的尼亚蒙加和马洪贝科姆贝高密度住宅区开展。研究人员走访了研究区域内的所有家庭，并向在场的户主发放了一份旨在清点孤儿数量并获取有关孤儿一般问题信息的半结构化问卷。此外，还通过与孤儿、照顾者、社区领袖和利益相关者进行的15次焦点小组讨论，收集了有关孤儿困境、应对策略和生存愿望的信息。基于对3976户家庭的抽样调查，发现卡里巴的孤儿患病率非常高（56%），大多数孤儿年龄在6至12岁之间。大多数孤儿为父系孤儿，由母亲照顾。超过30%达到上学年龄的孤儿未上学，一些年轻的孤女还涉足商业性工作。孤儿们的生存愿望清单包括学费、住宿、医疗服务、充足的食物和创收项目。然而，社区成员给出的关于孤儿照料和需求的建议与孤儿的愿望清单有些不同，这表明社区干预可能没有考虑到受影响者的愿望。尽管该研究没有根据父母的死因对孤儿进行分类，但有迹象表明，大多数孤儿是由艾滋病毒和艾滋病导致的。
