Becker Mark W, Rasmussen Ian P
Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2008 Nov;34(6):1325-38. doi: 10.1037/a0013650.
Four flicker change-detection experiments demonstrate that scene-specific long-term memory guides attention to both behaviorally relevant locations and objects within a familiar scene. Participants performed an initial block of change-detection trials, detecting the addition of an object to a natural scene. After a 30-min delay, participants performed an unanticipated 2nd block of trials. When the same scene occurred in the 2nd block, the change within the scene was (a) identical to the original change, (b) a new object appearing in the original change location, (c) the same object appearing in a new location, or (d) a new object appearing in a new location. Results suggest that attention is rapidly allocated to previously relevant locations and then to previously relevant objects. This pattern of locations dominating objects remained when object identity information was made more salient. Eye tracking verified that scene memory results in more direct scan paths to previously relevant locations and objects. This contextual guidance suggests that a high-capacity long-term memory for scenes is used to insure that limited attentional capacity is allocated efficiently rather than being squandered.
四项闪烁变化检测实验表明，特定场景的长期记忆会引导注意力指向熟悉场景中与行为相关的位置和物体。参与者先进行了一组变化检测试验，检测向自然场景中添加一个物体的情况。经过30分钟的延迟后，参与者进行了一组意外的第二轮试验。当第二轮试验中出现相同场景时，场景中的变化为：(a) 与原始变化相同；(b) 一个新物体出现在原始变化位置；(c) 同一个物体出现在新位置；或(d) 一个新物体出现在新位置。结果表明，注意力会迅速分配到先前相关的位置，然后再分配到先前相关的物体上。当物体身份信息更加显著时，这种位置主导物体的模式依然存在。眼动追踪证实，场景记忆会导致更直接的扫描路径指向先前相关的位置和物体。这种情境引导表明，用于场景的大容量长期记忆可确保有限的注意力容量得到有效分配，而不是被浪费。
