Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Neuron. 2019 Oct 9;104(1):132-146. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.08.030.
Memories are about the past, but they serve the future. Memory research often emphasizes the former aspect: focusing on the functions that re-constitute (re-member) experience and elucidating the various types of memories and their interrelations, timescales, and neural bases. Here we highlight the prospective nature of memory in guiding selective attention, focusing on functions that use previous experience to anticipate the relevant events about to unfold-to "premember" experience. Memories of various types and timescales play a fundamental role in guiding perception and performance adaptively, proactively, and dynamically. Consonant with this perspective, memories are often recorded according to expected future demands. Using working memory as an example, we consider how mnemonic content is selected and represented for future use. This perspective moves away from the traditional representational account of memory toward a functional account in which forward-looking memory traces are informationally and computationally tuned for interacting with incoming sensory signals to guide adaptive behavior.
记忆关乎过去，但也为未来服务。记忆研究通常强调前者：专注于再现（重新组合）经验的功能，并阐明各种类型的记忆及其相互关系、时间尺度和神经基础。在这里，我们强调记忆的前瞻性在引导选择性注意方面的作用，重点关注利用先前经验来预测即将展开的相关事件的功能，即“预先记忆”经验。各种类型和时间尺度的记忆在自适应、主动和动态地引导感知和表现方面发挥着基础性作用。与这一观点一致的是，记忆通常是根据预期的未来需求来记录的。我们以工作记忆为例，考虑如何选择和表示记忆内容以备将来使用。这种观点从记忆的传统表象论转向功能论，在功能论中，前瞻性记忆痕迹在信息和计算上都针对与传入的感觉信号相互作用进行了调整，以指导适应性行为。
