Myers Hector F
Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA.
J Behav Med. 2009 Feb;32(1):9-19. doi: 10.1007/s10865-008-9181-4. Epub 2008 Nov 7.
There continues to be debate about how best to conceptualize and measure the role of exposure to ethnicity-related and socio-economic status-related stressors (e.g. racism, discrimination, class prejudice) in accounting for ethnic health disparities over the lifecourse and across generations. In this review, we provide a brief summary of the evidence of health disparities among ethnic groups, and the major evidence on the role of exposure to ethnicity- and SES-related stressors on health. We then offer a reciprocal and recursive lifespan meta-model that considers the interaction of ethnicity and SES history as impacting exposure to psychosocial adversities, including ethnicity-related stresses, and mediating biopsychosocial mechanisms that interact to result in hypothesized cumulative biopsychosocial vulnerabilities. Ultimately, group differences in the burden of cumulative vulnerabilities are hypothesized as contributing to differential health status over time. Suggestions are offered for future research on the unique role that ethnicity- and SES-related processes are likely to play as contributors to persistent ethnic health disparities.
关于如何最好地概念化和衡量接触与种族和社会经济地位相关的压力源（如种族主义、歧视、阶级偏见）在解释生命周期和几代人之间的种族健康差异方面所起的作用，一直存在争议。在本综述中，我们简要总结了不同种族群体之间健康差异的证据，以及接触与种族和社会经济地位相关的压力源对健康影响的主要证据。然后，我们提出了一个相互递归的生命周期元模型，该模型考虑了种族和社会经济地位历史的相互作用如何影响对心理社会逆境的接触，包括与种族相关的压力，并介导相互作用以导致假设的累积生物心理社会脆弱性的生物心理社会机制。最终，假设累积脆弱性负担的群体差异会随着时间的推移导致不同的健康状况。我们还为未来的研究提供了建议，探讨与种族和社会经济地位相关的过程作为持续存在的种族健康差异的促成因素可能发挥的独特作用。
