Albert Nancy M, Wocial Lucia, Meyer Kathryn H, Na Jie, Trochelman Kathleen
Nursing Research and Innovation, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Appl Nurs Res. 2008 Nov;21(4):181-90. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2007.04.008.
Patients and visitors may perceive nurses as professional based on uniform color and style. Nurse image may affect patient and visitor trust and satisfaction with nursing care. Fitted white dresses have been replaced by loose-fitting or scrub white, colored, or patterned pant sets.
This study examines nurse professionalism by assessing the nurse image traits of eight pant uniforms as perceived by pediatric patients, adult patients, and adult visitors. We also examined if uniform preference is congruent with nurse image traits.
A convenience sample of 499 patients and visitors were surveyed at a large Midwestern tertiary health care center. Subjects viewed photographs of the same registered nurse identically posed in eight uniforms and rated each by image traits. Kruskal-Wallis, Steel-Dwass multiple comparison method, and Wilcoxon signed-rank sum tests were used to test for differences in the Nurse Image Scale (NIS) score by uniform style and color and subject demographics.
Subjects were 390 adult patients and visitors (78%) and 109 pediatric patients (21.4%); 66% were female, and 78% were Caucasian. In adults, NIS scores for white uniforms (two styles) were higher than NIS scores for uniforms with small print, bold print, or solid color (all p < .001). White uniform NIS score increased with subject age (all < or = .007). In pediatric patients (7-17 years) and young adults (18-44 years), the highest uniform NIS scores did not differ significantly from the others. Uniform preference was different from NIS score in pediatric and adult subjects, reflecting noncongruence between the perception of nurse professionalism by uniform and uniform preference.
With aging, adults create perceptions of nurse professionalism based on uniform color and style. Traits of nurse professionalism were highest in white uniforms. Future research is needed to determine if transition to white nurse uniforms improves patient and family satisfaction with nursing care.
患者和访客可能会根据护士制服的颜色和款式来评判护士是否专业。护士形象可能会影响患者和访客对护理服务的信任度和满意度。合身的白色连衣裙已被宽松的白色工作服、彩色或有图案的裤装所取代。
本研究通过评估儿科患者、成年患者和成年访客对八种裤装制服的护士形象特征，来检验护士的专业素养。我们还研究了制服偏好是否与护士形象特征相符。
在中西部一家大型三级医疗中心对499名患者和访客进行了便利抽样调查。受试者观看了同一名注册护士穿着八种制服的相同姿势的照片，并根据形象特征对每种制服进行评分。采用Kruskal-Wallis检验、Steel-Dwass多重比较法和Wilcoxon符号秩和检验，以检验护士形象量表（NIS）得分在制服款式、颜色和受试者人口统计学特征方面的差异。
受试者包括390名成年患者和访客（78%）以及109名儿科患者（21.4%）；66%为女性，78%为白种人。在成年人中，白色制服（两种款式）的NIS得分高于带有小印花、大印花或纯色制服的NIS得分（所有p < 0.001）。白色制服的NIS得分随受试者年龄增加而升高（所有p ≤ 0.007）。在儿科患者（7 - 17岁）和年轻成年人（18 - 44岁）中，最高的制服NIS得分与其他得分无显著差异。儿科和成年受试者的制服偏好与NIS得分不同，这反映出制服所体现的护士专业素养认知与制服偏好之间不一致。
随着年龄增长，成年人会根据制服颜色和款式来形成对护士专业素养的认知。白色制服的专业素养特征最高。未来需要进行研究以确定过渡到白色护士制服是否能提高患者及家属对护理服务的满意度。
