McGwin Gerald, Sarrels Scott A, Griffin Russell, Owsley Cynthia, Rue Loring W
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Nov;126(11):1544-7. doi: 10.1001/archopht.126.11.1544.
To evaluate the impact of the Florida visual acuity licensing standard for drivers 80 years and older on fatal motor vehicle collision (MVC) involvement.
Motor vehicle collision fatality rates for all Florida residents and for drivers 80 years and older were compared before and after the visual acuity licensing standard was implemented in January 2004.
From 2001 to 2006, there was a nonsignificant (P = .06) increase in MVC fatality rates in Florida; in contrast, fatality rates among drivers 80 years and older demonstrated a significant downward linear trend (P = .01). When comparing prelaw (2001-2003) and postlaw (2004-2006) periods, the fatality rate among all-aged occupants increased by 6% (rate ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 0.99-1.14); conversely, fatalities among drivers 80 years and older decreased significantly by 17% (rate ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.72-0.98).
Despite little evidence for an association between visual acuity and MVC involvement, the results of this study suggest that a vision screening law targeting Floridians 80 years and older resulted in a reduction in the MVC fatality rate among such drivers. The exact mechanism responsible for this association is unclear and future research should attempt to identify what might explain this relationship.
评估佛罗里达州针对80岁及以上驾驶者的视力许可标准对致命机动车碰撞（MVC）发生率的影响。
比较了2004年1月实施视力许可标准前后佛罗里达州所有居民以及80岁及以上驾驶者的机动车碰撞死亡率。
2001年至2006年，佛罗里达州的MVC死亡率有不显著的增加（P = 0.06）；相比之下，80岁及以上驾驶者的死亡率呈现出显著的下降线性趋势（P = 0.01）。在比较法律实施前（2001 - 2003年）和法律实施后（2004 - 2006年）两个时期时，所有年龄段驾乘人员的死亡率增加了6%（率比，1.06；95%置信区间，0.99 - 1.14）；相反，80岁及以上驾驶者的死亡人数显著减少了17%（率比，0.83；95%置信区间，0.72 - 0.98）。
尽管几乎没有证据表明视力与MVC发生率之间存在关联，但本研究结果表明，一项针对佛罗里达州80岁及以上居民的视力筛查法律导致了此类驾驶者MVC死亡率的降低。这种关联的确切机制尚不清楚，未来的研究应试图确定可能解释这种关系的因素。
