Chiroro Patrick M, Tredoux Colin G, Radaelli Stephano, Meissner Christian A
University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2008 Dec;15(6):1089-92. doi: 10.3758/PBR.15.6.1089.
People are better at recognizing faces of their own race than faces of other racial groups. This own-race bias (ORB) in face recognition manifests in some studies as a full crossover interaction between race of observer and race of face, but in others the interaction is accompanied by main effects or other complexities. We hypothesized that this may be due in part to unacknowledged within-race variation and the implicit assumption that the terms white and black describe perceptually homogeneous race categories. We therefore tested white and black South Africans on their recognition of black and white American faces and black and white South African faces. Our results showed the expected interaction, but only for South African faces. This finding supports explanations of the ORB that are premised on intergroup contact and perceptual experience and highlights the danger of assuming homogeneity of appearance within groups.
人们识别自己种族的面孔比识别其他种族群体的面孔更为擅长。这种人脸识别中的同种族偏见（ORB）在一些研究中表现为观察者种族和面孔种族之间的完全交叉交互作用，但在其他研究中，这种交互作用伴随着主效应或其他复杂情况。我们推测，这可能部分归因于未被认识到的种族内部差异，以及白人”和“黑人”这两个术语描述了在感知上同质的种族类别这一隐含假设。因此，我们对南非白人和黑人识别美国白人和黑人面孔以及南非白人和黑人面孔的能力进行了测试。我们的结果显示了预期的交互作用，但仅针对南非面孔。这一发现支持了基于群体间接触和感知经验对面孔识别同种族偏见的解释，并突出了假设群体内部外貌同质性的危险性。
