Anglia Ruskin University, United Kingdom.
Cognition. 2013 Dec;129(3):586-97. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2013.08.012. Epub 2013 Sep 25.
Own-race faces are recognised more accurately than other-race faces and may even be viewed differently as measured by an eye-tracker (Goldinger, Papesh, & He, 2009). Alternatively, observer race might direct eye-movements (Blais, Jack, Scheepers, Fiset, & Caldara, 2008). Observer differences in eye-movements are likely to be based on experience of the physiognomic characteristics that are differentially discriminating for Black and White faces. Two experiments are reported that employed standard old/new recognition paradigms in which Black and White observers viewed Black and White faces with their eye-movements recorded. Experiment 1 showed that there were observer race differences in terms of the features scanned but observers employed the same strategy across different types of faces. Experiment 2 demonstrated that other-race faces could be recognised more accurately if participants had their first fixation directed to more diagnostic features using fixation crosses. These results are entirely consistent with those presented by Blais et al. (2008) and with the perceptual interpretation that the own-race bias is due to inappropriate attention allocated to the facial features (Hills & Lewis, 2006, 2011).
与其他种族的面孔相比，人们能够更准确地识别本种族的面孔，甚至通过眼动追踪器（Goldinger、Papesh 和 He，2009）可以发现本种族的面孔被视为不同。或者，观察者的种族可能会引导眼球运动（Blais、Jack、Scheepers、Fiset 和 Caldara，2008）。观察者眼球运动的差异可能基于对黑人和白人面孔具有不同区分力的相貌特征的经验。报告了两项实验，它们在标准的旧/新识别范式中使用，其中黑人和白人观察者观看黑人和白人面孔，并记录他们的眼球运动。实验 1 表明，在扫描的特征方面存在观察者种族差异，但观察者在不同类型的面孔中使用相同的策略。实验 2 表明，如果参与者使用注视十字将第一注视点引导到更具诊断性的特征上，那么其他种族的面孔可以被更准确地识别。这些结果与 Blais 等人（2008）提出的结果以及知觉解释完全一致，即本族偏见是由于对面部特征的不当关注（Hills 和 Lewis，2006、2011）。
