Chrobak Quin M, Zaragoza Maria S
Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2008 Dec;15(6):1190-5. doi: 10.3758/PBR.15.6.1190.
Studies of the forced fabrication effect have shown that participant witnesses are prone to developing false memories for specific items or details that they have been forced to fabricate earlier (e.g., what type of hat someone wore). Building on these earlier findings, the present study assessed whether participants would develop false memories if forced to fabricate entire fictitious events that were more complex and extended in time and involved people, locations, and actions that they had never seen. Participants vehemently resisted fabricating these events, and false memory development over the short term (1-week recognition test) was limited. However, after 8 weeks, participants freely reported their forced fabrications nearly 50% of the time and did so even when they had correctly and publicly rejected them earlier on the 1-week recognition test. This is the first evidence that participant witnesses will freely incorporate into their eyewitness accounts entire fictitious events that they have earlier been forced to fabricate.
关于强迫编造效应的研究表明，参与实验的证人容易对他们之前被迫编造的特定物品或细节产生错误记忆（例如，某人戴的帽子类型）。基于这些早期研究结果，本研究评估了如果参与者被迫编造更复杂、时间跨度更长且涉及他们从未见过的人物、地点和行为的完整虚构事件，他们是否会产生错误记忆。参与者强烈抵制编造这些事件，短期内（1周后的识别测试）错误记忆的形成有限。然而，8周后，参与者在近50%的情况下会自由报告他们被迫编造的内容，即使他们在1周后的识别测试中曾正确且公开地否认过这些内容。这是首个证据表明，参与实验的证人会将他们之前被迫编造的完整虚构事件自由纳入其目击证词中。
