Johnson M K, Hashtroudi S, Lindsay D S
Department of Psychology, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544-1010.
Psychol Bull. 1993 Jul;114(1):3-28. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.114.1.3.
A framework for understanding source monitoring and relevant empirical evidence is described, and several related phenomena are discussed: old-new recognition, indirect tests, eyewitness testimony, misattributed familiarity, cryptomnesia, and incorporation of fiction into fact. Disruptions in source monitoring (e.g., from confabulation, amnesia, and aging) and the brain regions that are involved are also considered, and source monitoring within a general memory architecture is discussed. It is argued that source monitoring is based on qualities of experience resulting from combinations of perceptual and reflective processes, usually requires relatively differentiated phenomenal experience, and involves attributions varying in deliberateness. These judgments evaluate information according to flexible criteria and are subject to error and disruption. Furthermore, diencephalic and temporal regions may play different roles in source monitoring than do frontal regions of the brain.
本文描述了一个用于理解来源监控及相关实证证据的框架，并讨论了几个相关现象：新旧识别、间接测试、目击者证词、错误归因的熟悉感、潜隐记忆以及将虚构内容纳入事实。还考虑了来源监控的干扰（例如，由虚构、失忆和衰老引起的干扰）以及涉及的脑区，并讨论了一般记忆架构中的来源监控。有人认为，来源监控基于感知和反思过程相结合所产生的经验特质，通常需要相对分化的现象学体验，并且涉及不同程度的刻意归因。这些判断根据灵活的标准评估信息，并且容易出错和受到干扰。此外，间脑和颞叶区域在来源监控中可能比大脑额叶区域发挥不同的作用。
