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Cogn Neurodyn. 2008 Dec;2(4):347-53. doi: 10.1007/s11571-008-9056-y. Epub 2008 Aug 31.
The functional relationship between correct response probability and response time is investigated in data sets from Rubin, Hinton and Wenzel, J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 25:1161-1176, 1999 and Anderson, J Exp Psychol [Hum Learn] 7:326-343, 1981. The two measures are linearly related through stimulus presentation lags from 0 to 594 s in the former experiment and for repeated learning of words in the latter. The Tagging/Retagging interpretation of short term memory is introduced to explain this linear relationship. At stimulus presentation the words are tagged. This tagging level drops slowly with time. When a probe word is reintroduced the tagging level has to increase for the word to be properly identified leading to a delay in response time. The tagging time is related to the meaningfulness of the words used-the more meaningful the word the longer the tagging time. After stimulus presentation the tagging level drops in a logarithmic fashion to 50% after 10 s and to 20% after 240 s. The incorrect recall and recognition times saturate in the Rubin et al. data set (they are not linear for large time lags), suggesting a limited time to search the short term memory structure: the search time for recall of unusual words is 1.7 s. For recognition of nonsense words the corresponding time is about 0.4 s, similar to the 0.243 s found in Cavanagh (1972).
研究了 Rubin、Hinton 和 Wenzel 的实验数据集（J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 25:1161-1176, 1999）和 Anderson 的实验数据集（J Exp Psychol [Hum Learn] 7:326-343, 1981）中正确反应概率与反应时间之间的函数关系。在前一个实验中，当刺激呈现延迟从 0 增加到 594 秒，以及在后一个实验中重复学习单词时，这两个测量值通过刺激呈现呈线性相关。引入短期记忆的标记/重新标记解释来解释这种线性关系。在刺激呈现时，单词被标记。这种标记水平随时间缓慢下降。当引入探测词时，标记水平必须增加才能正确识别单词，从而导致反应时间延迟。标记时间与所用单词的意义相关-单词越有意义，标记时间越长。刺激呈现后，标记水平以对数方式下降，10 秒后下降到 50%，240 秒后下降到 20%。在 Rubin 等人的数据集（他们的错误回忆和识别时间对于大的时间滞后不是线性的）中，不正确的回忆和识别时间趋于饱和，这表明搜索短期记忆结构的时间有限：回忆不寻常单词的搜索时间为 1.7 秒。对于无意义单词的识别，相应的时间约为 0.4 秒，与 Cavanagh（1972）中发现的 0.243 秒相似。
