Digdon Nancy L, Howell Andrew J
Department of Psychology, Grant MacEwan College, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Chronobiol Int. 2008 Nov;25(6):1029-46. doi: 10.1080/07420520802553671.
Previous research suggests a possible link between eveningness and general difficulties with self-regulation (e.g., evening types are more likely than other chronotypes to have irregular sleep schedules and social rhythms and use substances). Our study investigated the relationship between eveningness and self-regulation by using two standardized measures of self-regulation: the Self-Control Scale and the Procrastination Scale. We predicted that an eveningness preference would be associated with poorer self-control and greater procrastination than would an intermediate or morningness preference. Participants were 308 psychology students (mean age=19.92 yrs) at a small Canadian college. Students completed the self-regulation questionnaires and Morningness/Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) online. The mean MEQ score was 46.69 (SD=8.20), which is intermediate between morningness and eveningness. MEQ scores ranged from definite morningness to definite eveningness, but the dispersion of scores was skewed toward more eveningness. Pearson and partial correlations (controlling for age) were used to assess the relationship between MEQ score and the Self-Control Scale (global score and 5 subscale scores) and Procrastination Scale (global score). All correlations were significant. The magnitude of the effects was medium for all measures except one of the Self-Control subscales, which was small. A multiple regression analysis to predict MEQ score using the Self-Control Scale (global score), Procrastination Scale, and age as predictors indicated the Self-Control Scale was a significant predictor (accounting for 20% of the variance). A multiple regression analysis to predict MEQ scores using the five subscales of the Self-Control Scale and age as predictors showed the subscales for reliability and work ethic were significant predictors (accounting for 33% of the variance). Our study showed a relationship between eveningness and low self-control, but it did not address whether the relationship is a causal one.
先前的研究表明，晚睡倾向与自我调节方面的总体困难之间可能存在联系（例如，与其他生物钟类型的人相比，晚睡型的人更有可能有不规律的睡眠时间表和社交节奏，并且会使用药物）。我们的研究通过使用两种自我调节的标准化测量方法：自我控制量表和拖延量表，来探究晚睡倾向与自我调节之间的关系。我们预测，与中间型或早起倾向相比，晚睡倾向会与较差的自我控制能力和更严重的拖延行为相关。参与者是加拿大一所小型学院的308名心理学专业学生（平均年龄 = 19.92岁）。学生们在线完成了自我调节问卷和晨型/夜型问卷（MEQ）。MEQ的平均得分是46.69（标准差 = 8.20），处于晨型和夜型之间。MEQ得分范围从绝对的晨型到绝对的夜型，但得分分布向更偏向夜型倾斜。使用皮尔逊相关性和偏相关性（控制年龄）来评估MEQ得分与自我控制量表（总分及5个分量表得分）和拖延量表（总分）之间的关系。所有相关性均显著。除了自我控制分量表中的一个为小效应量外，所有测量的效应量大小均为中等。一项多元回归分析以自我控制量表（总分）、拖延量表和年龄作为预测变量来预测MEQ得分，结果表明自我控制量表是一个显著的预测变量（解释了20%的方差）。一项多元回归分析以自我控制量表的五个分量表和年龄作为预测变量来预测MEQ得分，结果表明可靠性和职业道德分量表是显著的预测变量（解释了33%的方差）。我们的研究表明晚睡倾向与低自我控制之间存在关联，但并未探讨这种关联是否为因果关系。
