法律作为公共卫生工具的科学依据。
The scientific basis for law as a public health tool.
作者信息
Moulton Anthony D, Mercer Shawna L, Popovic Tanja, Briss Peter A, Goodman Richard A, Thombley Melisa L, Hahn Robert A, Fox Daniel M
机构信息
Public Health Law Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS D-30, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 2009 Jan;99(1):17-24. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.130278. Epub 2008 Nov 13.
Abstract
Systematic reviews are generating valuable scientific knowledge about the impact of public health laws, but this knowledge is not readily accessible to policy makers. We identified 65 systematic reviews of studies on the effectiveness of 52 public health laws: 27 of those laws were found effective, 23 had insufficient evidence to judge effectiveness, 1 was harmful, and 1 was found to be ineffective. This is a valuable, scientific foundation-that uses the highest relevant standard of evidence-for the role of law as a public health tool. Additional primary studies and systematic reviews are needed to address significant gaps in knowledge about the laws' public health impact, as are energetic, sustained initiatives to make the findings available to public policy makers.
摘要
系统评价正在产生有关公共卫生法律影响的宝贵科学知识，但政策制定者却难以获取这些知识。我们对52项公共卫生法律有效性的研究进行了65项系统评价：其中27项法律被认定有效，23项缺乏判断有效性的充分证据，1项有害，1项无效。这是一个宝贵的科学基础——采用了最高相关证据标准——为法律作为公共卫生工具的作用提供了依据。还需要进行更多的原始研究和系统评价，以填补有关这些法律对公共卫生影响的知识重大空白，同时还需要积极持续地开展行动，以便将研究结果提供给公共政策制定者。
相似文献
1
The scientific basis for law as a public health tool.法律作为公共卫生工具的科学依据。
Am J Public Health. 2009 Jan;99(1):17-24. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.130278. Epub 2008 Nov 13.
2
Criminalization of HIV transmission and exposure: research and policy agenda.将 HIV 传播和暴露定为犯罪：研究和政策议程。
Am J Public Health. 2013 Aug;103(8):1350-3. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301267. Epub 2013 Jun 13.
3
Legislating for health: locating the evidence.立法促进健康：寻找证据。
J Public Health Policy. 2010 Jul;31(2):164-77. doi: 10.1057/jphp.2010.5.
4
Perceived justice and popular support for public health laws: a case study around comprehensive smoke-free legislation in Mexico City.公众对公共卫生法律的感知正义和支持：以墨西哥城全面无烟立法为例的案例研究。
Soc Sci Med. 2010 Mar;70(5):787-93. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.10.064. Epub 2009 Dec 21.
5
Law and ethics in population health.人口健康中的法律与伦理。
Aust N Z J Public Health. 2004 Feb;28(1):7-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-842x.2004.tb00624.x.
6
Legal foundations of public health law and its role in meeting future challenges.公共卫生法的法律基础及其在应对未来挑战中的作用。
Public Health. 2006 Oct;120 Suppl:8-14; discussion 14-5. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2006.07.006. Epub 2006 Sep 18.
7
Should your state have a public health law center?你的州应该设立一个公共卫生法律中心吗？
J Law Med Ethics. 2003 Winter;31(4 Suppl):58-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-720x.2003.tb00753.x.
8
Transitions in state public health law: comparative analysis of state public health law reform following the Turning Point Model State Public Health Act.州公共卫生法的转变：《转折点模式州公共卫生法》之后州公共卫生法改革的比较分析
Am J Public Health. 2009 Mar;99(3):423-30. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2008.140913. Epub 2009 Jan 15.
9
National public health law: a role for WHO in capacity-building and promoting transparency.国家公共卫生法：世卫组织在能力建设和促进透明度方面的作用
Bull World Health Organ. 2016 Jul 1;94(7):534-9. doi: 10.2471/BLT.15.164749. Epub 2016 May 3.
10
How do we translate science into public health policy and law?我们如何将科学转化为公共卫生政策和法律？
J Law Med Ethics. 2002 Fall;30(3 Suppl):22-32.
引用本文的文献
1
"": Competing Framing Strategies for Child Road Safety Policy in the Philippines.《菲律宾儿童道路安全政策的竞争框架策略》
Int J Health Policy Manag. 2025;14:8585. doi: 10.34172/ijhpm.8585. Epub 2025 Jul 21.
2
Effects of interventional public health laws and regulations intended to reduce gambling-related harms: a realist review study protocol.旨在减少与赌博相关危害的公共卫生干预性法律法规的效果：一项务实性综述研究方案
BMJ Open. 2025 Jul 16;15(7):e093906. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-093906.
3
Emerging Imaging Technologies in Forensic Medicine: A Systematic Review of Innovations, Ethical Challenges, and Future Directions.法医学中的新兴成像技术：创新、伦理挑战及未来方向的系统综述
Diagnostics (Basel). 2025 Jun 1;15(11):1410. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics15111410.
4
Distilling the Fundamentals of Evidence-Based Public Health Policy.提炼循证公共卫生政策的基础
Public Health Rep. 2025 Jan-Feb;140(1):40-47. doi: 10.1177/00333549241256751. Epub 2024 Jun 24.
5
Legal and regulatory instruments for NCD prevention: a scoping review and descriptive analysis of evaluations in OECD countries.用于非传染性疾病预防的法律和监管工具：经合组织国家评估的范围审查和描述性分析。
BMC Public Health. 2024 Feb 29;24(1):641. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-18053-4.
6
Mapping and analysis of laws influencing built environments for walking and cycling in Australia.澳大利亚步行和骑行环境相关法律的绘制与分析。
BMC Public Health. 2023 Jan 16;23(1):108. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-14897-w.
7
A Legal Approach to Cancer Epidemiology in Public Health.公共卫生中的癌症流行病学的法律方法。
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2022 May 1;23(5):1447-1450. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.5.1447.
8
Association Between Design Elements of Concussion Laws and Reporting of Sports-Related Concussions Among US High School Athletes, 2009-2017.2009-2017 年美国高中运动员脑震荡相关报告与脑震荡法规设计要素的相关性研究
Public Health Rep. 2021 Nov-Dec;136(6):745-753. doi: 10.1177/0033354920988611. Epub 2021 Feb 24.
9
Yes, You Need a Lawyer: Integrating Legal Epidemiology Into Health Research.是的，你需要一名律师：将法律流行病学融入健康研究。
Public Health Rep. 2020 Nov/Dec;135(6):856-858. doi: 10.1177/0033354920954516. Epub 2020 Sep 15.
10
Policy Levers to Promote Access to and Utilization of Children's Mental Health Services: A Systematic Review.促进儿童心理健康服务可及性和利用的政策手段：系统评价。
Adm Policy Ment Health. 2019 May;46(3):334-351. doi: 10.1007/s10488-018-00916-9.
本文引用的文献
1
The Effectiveness of Urban Design and Land Use and Transport Policies and Practices to Increase Physical Activity: A Systematic Review.城市设计、土地利用及交通政策与实践对增加身体活动的有效性：一项系统综述
J Phys Act Health. 2006 Feb;3(s1):S55-S76. doi: 10.1123/jpah.3.s1.s55.
2
Effects on violence of laws and policies facilitating the transfer of juveniles from the juvenile justice system to the adult justice system: a systematic review.关于促进少年从少年司法系统向成人司法系统移送的法律和政策对暴力行为的影响：一项系统评价
Am J Prev Med. 2007 Apr;32(4 Suppl):S7-28. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.12.003.
3
Law and public health at CDC.美国疾病控制与预防中心的法律与公共卫生
MMWR Suppl. 2006 Dec 22;55(2):29-33.
4
Developing an evidence base for policies and interventions to address health inequalities: the analysis of "public health regimes".为解决健康不平等问题的政策和干预措施建立证据基础：对“公共卫生制度”的分析。
Milbank Q. 2006;84(3):577-603. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0009.2006.00459.x.
5
Measuring the public's health.衡量公众健康状况。
Public Health Rep. 2006 Jan-Feb;121(1):14-22. doi: 10.1177/003335490612100107.
6
Higher cigarette prices influence cigarette purchase patterns.更高的香烟价格会影响香烟购买模式。
Tob Control. 2005 Apr;14(2):86-92. doi: 10.1136/tc.2004.008730.
7
Interventions for preventing tobacco sales to minors.预防向未成年人销售烟草的干预措施。
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 Jan 25(1):CD001497. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001497.pub2.
8
Evidence of evidence-based health policy: the politics of systematic reviews in coverage decisions.循证健康政策的证据：覆盖范围决策中系统评价的政治学
Health Aff (Millwood). 2005 Jan-Feb;24(1):114-22. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.24.1.114.
9
Law as a tool for preventing chronic diseases: expanding the range of effective public health strategies.法律作为预防慢性病的工具：拓展有效公共卫生策略的范围
Prev Chronic Dis. 2004 Jan;1(1):A13. Epub 2003 Dec 15.
10
Use of a state regulation for adult vaccination.使用一项针对成人疫苗接种的州法规。
Am J Prev Med. 2004 May;26(4):311-4. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2003.12.011.
Zotero 插件