将 HIV 传播和暴露定为犯罪：研究和政策议程。
Criminalization of HIV transmission and exposure: research and policy agenda.
机构信息
Division of Public Health Law and Bioethics, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave. MC-6325, Farmington, CT 06030-6325, USA.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 2013 Aug;103(8):1350-3. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301267. Epub 2013 Jun 13.
Abstract
More than half of US jurisdictions have laws criminalizing knowing exposure to or transmission of HIV, yet little evidence supports these laws' effectiveness in reducing HIV incidence. These laws may undermine prevention efforts outlined in the US National HIV/AIDS Strategy, in which the United States has invested substantial federal funds. Future research should include studies of (1) the impact of US HIV exposure laws on public health systems and practices; (2) enforcement of these laws, including arrests, prosecutions, convictions, and sentencing; (3) alternatives to HIV exposure laws; and (4) direct and opportunity costs of enforcement. Policy efforts to mitigate potential negative impacts of these laws could include developing prosecutorial guidelines, modernized statutes, and model public health policies and protocols.
摘要
超过一半的美国司法管辖区有法律规定，明知故犯地暴露或传播艾滋病毒是犯罪行为，但几乎没有证据表明这些法律在降低艾滋病毒发病率方面的有效性。这些法律可能会破坏美国国家艾滋病毒/艾滋病战略中概述的预防措施，美国已为此投入了大量联邦资金。未来的研究应包括：（1）美国艾滋病毒暴露法对公共卫生系统和实践的影响；（2）这些法律的执行情况，包括逮捕、起诉、定罪和判刑；（3）艾滋病毒暴露法的替代方案；以及（4）执行的直接和机会成本。为减轻这些法律可能产生的负面影响而进行的政策努力可能包括制定起诉指南、现代化法规、以及示范公共卫生政策和方案。
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