Heppner Puncky Paul
Department of Education, School and Counselling Psychology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
Am Psychol. 2008 Nov;63(8):805-16. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.63.8.805.
The purpose of this article is to suggest an expansion of the conceptualizations and measurement of applied problem solving and, relatedly, coping. The author discusses the evolution of his programmatic line of research over the last 30 years to illustrate the changing landscape in applied problem solving and, to a lesser extent, in the coping literature. Developments from the early stage-sequential models of applied problem solving to the utility of combining major dimensions of applied problem solving and coping are discussed, as are the notion of problem resolution as a way of assessing consequences of coping, and finally, the use of East Asian cultural values to assess collectivistic coping styles. The overlooked and until recently almost forgotten role of culture in the evolution of these general domains of inquiry is highlighted. The author concludes that greater attention to the cultural context will expand psychology's theoretical models, greatly enhance our empirically based understanding of applied problem solving/coping, and promote our ability to enhance effective problem solving and coping around the world.
本文的目的是建议扩展应用问题解决及相关应对的概念化和测量方法。作者讨论了其在过去30年中系统性研究路线的演变，以说明应用问题解决领域以及在较小程度上应对文献领域不断变化的情况。文中讨论了从早期应用问题解决的阶段顺序模型到结合应用问题解决和应对主要维度的效用的发展，以及将问题解决作为评估应对后果的一种方式的概念，最后还讨论了利用东亚文化价值观评估集体主义应对方式的情况。文中强调了文化在这些一般研究领域演变中被忽视且直到最近几乎被遗忘的作用。作者得出结论，更多地关注文化背景将扩展心理学的理论模型，极大地增强我们基于实证的对应用问题解决/应对的理解，并提升我们在全球范围内增强有效问题解决和应对的能力。
