Lazarus Richard S
University of California, Berkeley, Berkely, CA, USA.
J Pers. 2006 Feb;74(1):9-46. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00368.x.
This essay describes my theory of emotions. I make a case for studying discrete emotions in the context of four processes that represent the central features of my theoretical system: appraising, coping, flow of actions and reactions, and relational meaning. I explain why coping is a key feature of the emotion process, and I discuss issues related to the measurement of coping and the importance of understanding coping processes in the context of personality and situational demands. I make the argument that emotions are best studied as narratives, and I offer one such narrative in the form of a case study to demonstrate how emotions can best be understood in the context of an interpersonal relationship and by considering individual differences, interpersonal transactions, and relational meaning. I conclude this essay with a caution that field specialization may interfere with our understanding of emotions and other psychological phenomena, and I underscore the virtues of ipsative-normative research designs as a way to move closer to a person-centered personality psychology.
本文阐述了我的情绪理论。我提出在四个过程的背景下研究离散情绪，这四个过程代表了我的理论体系的核心特征：评估、应对、行动与反应的流程以及关系意义。我解释了为何应对是情绪过程的关键特征，并讨论了与应对测量相关的问题，以及在人格和情境需求背景下理解应对过程的重要性。我认为将情绪作为叙事来研究最为合适，并以一个案例研究的形式提供了这样一种叙事，以展示如何在人际关系背景下，通过考虑个体差异、人际互动和关系意义来最好地理解情绪。我在本文结尾提醒，领域专业化可能会干扰我们对情绪和其他心理现象的理解，并强调了以个体为参照标准的规范性研究设计的优点，认为这是迈向以人为主的人格心理学的一种方式。
