Parkin Patricia C, Howard Andrew W
Division of Pediatric Medicine and the Pediatric Outcomes Research Team and the Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Canada.
Curr Opin Pediatr. 2008 Dec;20(6):719-23. doi: 10.1097/mop.0b013e328317f1eb.
Injuries remain the leading cause of death for children. Experts in paediatrics and child health have a current interest in promoting children's healthy active living. This review highlights findings from recent literature regarding the prevention of injuries from four common outdoor activities: bicycling, snowboarding and skiing, walking and playground activity.
There is sound evidence for the effectiveness of bicycle helmets, the promotion of bicycle helmets at a community level and through physician counselling, and legislation; for the effectiveness of helmets for skiing and snowboarding; for the effectiveness of implementing playground safety standards; and for the effectiveness of modifications to the pedestrian physical environment.
The science of injury prevention has advanced considerably. The highest level of evidence, including systematic reviews, is now available regarding the effectiveness of protective measures, engineering approaches to the environment and legislation. Healthcare providers caring for children play a leading role in injury prevention through child and family counselling, advocacy and research.
伤害仍是儿童死亡的主要原因。儿科和儿童健康领域的专家目前关注促进儿童积极健康的生活方式。本综述重点介绍了近期文献中有关预防四项常见户外活动伤害的研究结果：骑自行车、单板滑雪和滑雪、步行及游乐场活动。
有充分证据表明自行车头盔有效，在社区层面以及通过医生咨询和立法推广自行车头盔有效；滑雪和单板滑雪用头盔有效；实施游乐场安全标准有效；对行人物理环境进行改造有效。
伤害预防科学已取得显著进展。现在有包括系统评价在内的最高级别证据证明保护措施、环境工程方法和立法的有效性。照顾儿童的医疗保健提供者通过对儿童和家庭的咨询、宣传及研究，在伤害预防中发挥着主导作用。
