Taub Dennis D, Ershler William B, Janowski Mark, Artz Andrew, Key Michael L, McKelvey Julie, Muller Denis, Moss Bernard, Ferrucci Luigi, Duffey Patricia L, Longo Dan L
Laboratory of Immunology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224-6825, USA.
Am J Med. 2008 Dec;121(12):1058-64. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.08.019.
The threat of smallpox resulting from bioterrorist action has prompted a reassessment of the level of immunity in current populations.
We have examined the magnitude and duration of antiviral antibody immunity conferred by smallpox vaccination in 246 participants of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Of this population, 209 subjects were vaccinated one or more times 13 to 88 years before this evaluation, and stored serum samples were available at various intervals after vaccination. An additional 8 subjects who had documented childhood smallpox infection and 29 subjects with no history of infection or vaccination were included. We quantified the total vaccinia IgG and neutralizing antibody titers in each of these subgroups of participants over time.
Vaccinated participants maintained antivaccinia IgG and neutralizing antibody titers above 3 natural logs essentially indefinitely. The absolute titer of antivaccinia antibody was only slightly higher after multiple vaccinations. In 97% of the participants, no decrease in vaccinia-specific antibody titers was noted with age over a follow-up period of up to 88 years. Moreover, Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging participants who survived active smallpox infections in their youth retained antivaccinia antibody titers that were similar to the levels detected in vaccinated subjects.
These data suggest that multiple or recent vaccinations are not essential to maintain vaccinia-specific antibody responses in human subjects. Scarce vaccine supplies should be applied first to individuals who have not previously been vaccinated.
生物恐怖主义行为引发的天花威胁促使人们重新评估当前人群的免疫水平。
我们在巴尔的摩老年纵向研究的246名参与者中，检测了天花疫苗接种所赋予的抗病毒抗体免疫的强度和持续时间。在这一人群中，209名受试者在本次评估前13至88年接种过一次或多次疫苗，接种后不同时间间隔均有保存的血清样本。另外纳入了8名有儿童期天花感染记录的受试者以及29名无感染或疫苗接种史的受试者。我们对这些参与者亚组中的每一个随时间推移的牛痘总IgG和中和抗体滴度进行了量化。
接种疫苗的参与者基本上无限期地将抗牛痘IgG和中和抗体滴度维持在3个自然对数以上。多次接种后抗牛痘抗体的绝对滴度仅略有升高。在97%的参与者中，在长达88年的随访期内，未发现牛痘特异性抗体滴度随年龄下降。此外，在年轻时患过天花的巴尔的摩老年纵向研究参与者保留的抗牛痘抗体滴度与接种疫苗受试者中检测到的水平相似。
这些数据表明，多次接种或近期接种对于维持人类受试者的牛痘特异性抗体反应并非必不可少。稀缺的疫苗供应应首先应用于以前未接种过疫苗的个体。
