Nduka J K C, Orisakwe O E, Maduawguna C A
Pure & Industrial Chemistry Department, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Toxicol Ind Health. 2008 Sep;24(8):539-42. doi: 10.1177/0748233708098125.
Lead is a malleable metal previously used to improve the durability and color luster of paint applied in homes and on industrial structures such as bridges. Lead has deleterious effects on multiple organs in humans. There is paucity of information on the extent of the use of lead-based paint in Nigerian houses. This study has attempted to estimate the extent of use of lead-based paint in buildings in Eastern Nigeria using 168 buildings. Flaked paint samples were collected from residential, church, commercial, and school buildings from four most populous cities in Eastern Nigeria namely Enugu, Onitsha, Aba, and Port Harcourt, and they were digested using conc HNO(3):HCLO(4) (1:1) and analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The lead levels from buildings in Enugu ranged from 39.385 +/- 1.111-69.843 +/- 4.886 mg/kg. The highest level of lead was found in Onitsha ranging from 49.503 +/- 0.000-74.352 +/- 0.571 mg/kg. Residential buildings, which mainly serve the under privileged populations, has the highest lead level in this study. In Aba, the highest lead level (66.432 +/- 0.013 mg/kg) was found in commercial buildings aged 5-10 years. The lead levels in paint flakes from buildings in the four cities tended to decrease with increasing age of the buildings. Taken together all the building paint flakes from the four cities had lead levels higher than the United States Environmental Protection Agency permissible level of 5 mg/kg. There is a need for primary intervention strategy to reduce the paint lead levels in Nigeria.
铅是一种具有延展性的金属，以前被用于提高家庭及桥梁等工业建筑所使用油漆的耐久性和色泽。铅对人体的多个器官都有有害影响。关于尼日利亚房屋中铅基油漆的使用范围，目前信息匮乏。本研究试图通过168栋建筑来估算尼日利亚东部建筑物中铅基油漆的使用范围。从尼日利亚东部人口最多的四个城市埃努古、奥尼查、阿巴和哈科特港的住宅、教堂、商业和学校建筑中收集剥落的油漆样本，并用浓硝酸：高氯酸（1:1）进行消解，然后使用原子吸收分光光度计进行分析。埃努古建筑物的铅含量范围为39.385±1.111 - 69.843±4.886毫克/千克。奥尼查的铅含量最高，范围为49.503±0.000 - 74.352±0.571毫克/千克。在本研究中，主要为弱势群体服务的住宅建筑铅含量最高。在阿巴，5至10年的商业建筑中铅含量最高（66.432±0.013毫克/千克）。这四个城市建筑物油漆片中的铅含量往往随着建筑物年龄的增加而降低。综合来看，这四个城市所有建筑物的油漆片铅含量均高于美国环境保护局规定的5毫克/千克的许可水平。尼日利亚需要采取初步干预策略来降低油漆中的铅含量。
