Weisbrod R R, Bracht N F, Pirie P L, Veblen-Mortenson S
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455.
Public Health Rep. 1991 May-Jun;106(3):310-7.
Community-wide surveys were conducted in Winona and St. Cloud, MN, Eau Claire, WI, and Sioux Falls, SD, in 1986 and 1987 to determine the current status of the supply and demand of health promotion activities in nine categories. Supply and demand indicators were conceptualized and defined as program options (different activities in a coded list) and participation (registrations). An annual inventory of all health promotion activities in each community was complied from interviews with providers of such activities. Interviews of probable community providers was followed by a nomination process to identify others. Providers at worksites were interviewed in a separate study with matching data endpoints. Results show that exercise programs have the highest levels of options and participation in all four cities. On the supply side of total programs offered, there was similarity in rates among three of the cities, with only Winona offering more health promotion opportunities. There was similarity also in the areas of health where most programs are offered, favoring exercise, followed by the heart disease risk factor areas of screening, smoking cessation, and nutrition education. On the demand side of participation, there was similarity in total participation rates among three of the four cities with Sioux Falls showing substantially higher demand. Exercise showed the highest participation in all cities, but there was little similarity among the cities in ranking participation in the other areas of health promotion. In the four cities combined, high levels of program options with low participation were characteristic of smoking cessation. In contrast, low levels of program options and high participation were shown in chemical dependency. Worksites are the main providers of health promotion programs for adults, with schools and colleges also major program providers. Educational organizations account for the largest percentage of total participation in health promotion.
1986年和1987年，在明尼苏达州的威诺纳和圣克劳德、威斯康星州的欧克莱尔以及南达科他州的苏福尔斯开展了全社区范围的调查，以确定九类健康促进活动的供需现状。供需指标被概念化并定义为项目选项（编码列表中的不同活动）和参与情况（登记人数）。通过与这些活动的提供者进行访谈，整理出了每个社区所有健康促进活动的年度清单。在对可能的社区提供者进行访谈之后，通过提名程序来确定其他提供者。在一项单独的研究中，对工作场所的提供者进行了访谈，并设置了匹配的数据端点。结果显示，在所有这四个城市中，健身项目的选项和参与程度最高。在提供的全部项目的供应方面，其中三个城市的比例相似，只有威诺纳提供了更多的健康促进机会。在提供大多数项目的健康领域也存在相似性，最受欢迎的是健身，其次是心脏病风险因素领域的筛查、戒烟和营养教育。在参与的需求方面，四个城市中的三个城市的总参与率相似，苏福尔斯的需求明显更高。健身在所有城市中的参与度最高，但在其他健康促进领域的参与排名方面，各城市之间几乎没有相似性。在这四个城市的总体情况中，戒烟项目的特点是项目选项多但参与度低。相比之下，化学成瘾项目的特点是项目选项少但参与度高。工作场所是成人健康促进项目的主要提供者，学校和学院也是主要的项目提供者。教育机构在健康促进总参与人数中所占比例最大。
