Xia Younan, Xiong Yujie, Lim Byungkwon, Skrabalak Sara E
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2009;48(1):60-103. doi: 10.1002/anie.200802248.
Nanocrystals are fundamental to modern science and technology. Mastery over the shape of a nanocrystal enables control of its properties and enhancement of its usefulness for a given application. Our aim is to present a comprehensive review of current research activities that center on the shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanocrystals. We begin with a brief introduction to nucleation and growth within the context of metal nanocrystal synthesis, followed by a discussion of the possible shapes that a metal nanocrystal might take under different conditions. We then focus on a variety of experimental parameters that have been explored to manipulate the nucleation and growth of metal nanocrystals in solution-phase syntheses in an effort to generate specific shapes. We then elaborate on these approaches by selecting examples in which there is already reasonable understanding for the observed shape control or at least the protocols have proven to be reproducible and controllable. Finally, we highlight a number of applications that have been enabled and/or enhanced by the shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanocrystals. We conclude this article with personal perspectives on the directions toward which future research in this field might take.
纳米晶体是现代科学技术的基础。掌握纳米晶体的形状能够控制其性质，并增强其在特定应用中的实用性。我们的目的是对当前围绕金属纳米晶体形状控制合成的研究活动进行全面综述。我们首先在金属纳米晶体合成的背景下简要介绍成核和生长，接着讨论金属纳米晶体在不同条件下可能呈现的形状。然后，我们聚焦于为了在溶液相合成中操控金属纳米晶体的成核和生长以生成特定形状而探索的各种实验参数。接着，我们通过选择一些例子来详细阐述这些方法，在这些例子中，对于所观察到的形状控制已经有了合理的理解，或者至少这些方案已被证明是可重复和可控的。最后，我们重点介绍一些通过金属纳米晶体形状控制合成得以实现和/或增强的应用。我们以对该领域未来研究方向的个人观点来结束本文。
