Stanhope Kimber L, Havel Peter J
Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Dec;88(6):1733S-1737S. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.25825D.
Our laboratory has investigated 2 hypotheses regarding the effects of fructose consumption: 1) the endocrine effects of fructose consumption favor a positive energy balance, and 2) fructose consumption promotes the development of an atherogenic lipid profile. In previous short- and long-term studies, we showed that consumption of fructose-sweetened beverages with 3 meals results in lower 24-h plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, and leptin in humans than does consumption of glucose-sweetened beverages. We have also tested whether prolonged consumption of high-fructose diets leads to increased caloric intake or decreased energy expenditure, thereby contributing to weight gain and obesity. Results from a study conducted in rhesus monkeys produced equivocal results. Carefully controlled and adequately powered long-term studies are needed to address these hypotheses. In both short- and long-term studies, we showed that consumption of fructose-sweetened beverages substantially increases postprandial triacylglycerol concentrations compared with glucose-sweetened beverages. In the long-term studies, apolipoprotein B concentrations were also increased in subjects consuming fructose, but not in those consuming glucose. Data from a short-term study comparing consumption of beverages sweetened with fructose, glucose, high-fructose corn syrup, and sucrose suggest that high-fructose corn syrup and sucrose increase postprandial triacylglycerol to an extent comparable with that induced by 100% fructose alone. Increased consumption of fructose-sweetened beverages along with increased prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes underscore the importance of investigating the metabolic consequences of fructose consumption in carefully controlled experiments.
1）果糖摄入的内分泌效应有利于正能量平衡；2）果糖摄入促进动脉粥样硬化性脂质谱的形成。在之前的短期和长期研究中，我们发现，与饮用葡萄糖甜味饮料相比，三餐时饮用果糖甜味饮料会使人体24小时血浆葡萄糖、胰岛素和瘦素浓度降低。我们还测试了长期食用高果糖饮食是否会导致热量摄入增加或能量消耗减少，从而导致体重增加和肥胖。在恒河猴身上进行的一项研究结果并不明确。需要进行精心控制且有足够效力的长期研究来验证这些假设。在短期和长期研究中，我们都发现，与饮用葡萄糖甜味饮料相比，饮用果糖甜味饮料会使餐后三酰甘油浓度大幅增加。在长期研究中，食用果糖的受试者载脂蛋白B浓度也有所增加，但食用葡萄糖的受试者则没有。一项比较饮用果糖、葡萄糖、高果糖玉米糖浆和蔗糖甜味饮料的短期研究数据表明，高果糖玉米糖浆和蔗糖使餐后三酰甘油增加的程度与单独饮用100%果糖相当。随着果糖甜味饮料消费量的增加以及肥胖、代谢综合征和2型糖尿病患病率的上升，凸显了在精心控制的实验中研究果糖摄入代谢后果的重要性。
