Routley Virginia, Ozanne-Smith Joan, Li Dan, Yu Min, Wang Jianyue, Zhang Junhe, Tong Zhendong, Wu Ming, Wang Peihua, Qin Yu
Monash University Accident Research Centre, Building 70, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.
Accid Anal Prev. 2008 Nov;40(6):1850-8. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2008.08.007. Epub 2008 Sep 4.
National seat belt wearing legislation became effective in China May 2004 and associated provincial and city regulations followed. Despite rapid motorisation seat belt studies in China have been scarce. Patterns and trends in urban seat belt wearing were observed for all driver, front and rear seating positions over the years 2005-2007 in two eastern cities Nanjing (Jiangsu Province) and Zhoushan (Zhejiang Province). There were 35,256 vehicles observed in Nanjing, 20,939 in Zhoushan and 95,933 occupants overall. Males dominated all seating positions, especially drivers. Seat belt wearing overall was significantly higher for drivers (49.9% Nanjing, 47.4% Zhoushan) than for front seat passengers (9.1% Nanjing, 1.0% Zhoushan) and virtually nonexistent for rear passengers (0.5% Nanjing, 0.2% Zhoushan). Generally levels declined significantly from year to year (drivers Nanjing 66.7%, 47.7%, 38.6%; Zhoushan 57.4%, 57.9%, 30.6%; front passengers Nanjing 19.2%, 6.6%, 3.2%). Zhoushan wearing did not initially decline, 2006 observations coinciding with anticipation of provincial regulations (July 2006). Observations revealed an absence of child restraints. Pretend wearing/belt tampering was observed almost exclusively in taxi drivers (14.2% of Nanjing taxi drivers, 11.3% of Zhoushan's). Awareness of and attitudes to urban seat belt laws should be investigated, appropriate countermeasures developed and enforcement reassessed.
中国全国性的系安全带立法于2004年5月生效，随后各省和城市也出台了相关规定。尽管中国机动车数量迅速增加，但有关安全带的研究却很少。2005年至2007年期间，对中国东部两个城市南京（江苏省）和舟山（浙江省）所有驾驶员、前排和后排座位的城市系安全带模式及趋势进行了观察。在南京观察了35256辆车，在舟山观察了20939辆车，总共观察了95933名驾乘人员。所有座位上男性居多，尤其是驾驶员座位。总体而言，驾驶员系安全带的比例（南京为49.9%，舟山为47.4%）显著高于前排乘客（南京为9.1%，舟山为1.0%），而后排乘客几乎不系安全带（南京为0.5%，舟山为0.2%）。一般来说，每年的比例都显著下降（南京驾驶员分别为66.7%、47.7%、38.6%；舟山驾驶员分别为57.4%、57.9%、30.6%；南京前排乘客分别为19.2%、6.6%、3.2%）。舟山的系安全带比例最初并未下降，2006年的观察结果与省级法规预期出台时间（2006年7月）相符。观察发现没有儿童安全约束装置。几乎只在出租车司机中观察到假装系安全带/安全带被篡改的情况（南京出租车司机中有14.2%，舟山出租车司机中有11.3%）。应该调查对城市安全带法律的认知和态度，制定适当的对策并重新评估执法情况。
